Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Bleached Dentin: Effect of Using Antioxidant Versus Buffering Agent

Objective: Application of sodium ascorbate as an antioxidant and calcium hydroxide as a buffering agent following intracoronal bleaching has been recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using the mentioned materials onshear bond strength of composite resin to the bleached dentin.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro investigation, sixty human sound premolars were divided randomly into five groups (n=12). Occlusal dentin surfaces were exposed.The negative control (NC) group was not bleached and the other groups were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel for 5 days. Afterwards, compositecylinders were built up in the positive control (PC) group immediately after bleaching,in the delay bonding (DB) group after one week, in the sodium ascorbate (SA)and calcium hydroxide (CH) groups after 40 hours of treatment with the materials.Then, the samples were stored in 37°C for 24 hours. The specimens were thermocycled (5-55°C, 500 cycles), subjected to shear bond testing by universal machine.The data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Duncan tests (a =0.05).Results: There was a significant difference between PC and CH groups in comparison with the other groups (p<0.05), but the difference among other groups was not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: Application of sodium ascorbate could significantly increase the bond strength of composite resin to bleached dentin, while the use of calcium hydroxide did not affect bond strength

Marginal integrity of low-shrinkage and methacrylate-based composite resins: Effect of three different hemostatic agents

Background: Moisture control is very important in restorative procedures in dentistry. Use of hemostatic agents helps control moisture; however, they might result in changes on enamel and dentin surfaces, affecting composite resin bond quality. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage of two different composite resins with the use of three different hemostatic agents. Material and Methods: Standardized Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 48 premolars with cervical margins 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The samples were randomly divided into 8 groups. In groups 1 to 4, an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond) was applied as the bonding system, followed by exposure to different hemostatic agent: group 1: no hemostatic agent (control); group 2: ViscoStat; group 3: ViscoStat Clear; and group 4: trichloracetic acid, as hemostatic agents. The cavities were restored with Z-250 composite resin. In group 5 to 8 Silorane System Adhesive (Filtek P90 Adhesive) was applied as a bonding agent, followed by exposure to different hemostatic agents in a manner similar to that in groups 1to 4. The cavities were restored with Filtek P90, a low-shrinkage composite resin. The samples in each group were evaluated for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope at ×36 after 24 hours and a 500-round thermocycling procedure at enamel and dentin margins. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Results: Z-250 composite resin exhibited significantly higher dentin microleakage scores compared to Filtek P90 (P = 0.004). Trichloracetic acid increased dentin microleakage with Filtek P90 (P=0.033). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this in vitro study, application of hemostatic agents did not affect microleakage of the two tested composite resins except for trichloracetic acid that increased marginal microleakage when used with Filtek P90. © Medicina Oral

A review of CAD/CAM use in dentistry (part II): Comparison of intraoral digital scanners used in restorative dentistry

Introduction: Intraoral imaging technology has become one of the most exciting new fields in dentistry. Three-dimensional scanning of the oral cavity is used in many dental procedures such as restorative dentistry and orthodontics. To date, a number of intraoral scanners have been developed for restorative dentistry throughout the world, and many researchers and manufacturers seek the design and development of new digital devices. Only some of these devices are currently available on the market and some others are being clinically tested. All existing intraoral scanners try to overcome the drawbacks of traditional impression processes. The aim of the present article is to provide an extensive evaluation of intraoral scanners in restorative dentistry, with special attention to their assessment principles, characteristics and performance. Review report: This review article was prepared by scientific searching in electronic sources of Pubmed and ISI Web of Science in connection with articles published in English until 2014, and with these key words: intraoral scanners and digital impression. Conclusion: Over the years there have been major advances in digital scanning systems, and a variety of digital systems have been introduced that enable the dentist to select different intraoral reconstruction methods in the extraoral environment. The ultimate goal of dentists is to provide accurate and efficient dental restorations for the patient, while maintaining patient comfort during the impression process. High-resolution dental optical scanners will enable the operator to provide high-quality restorations. With digital impression techniques, the number of operators and material variables will decrease, making restoration fabrication processes more predictable and easier

Push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin using glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cements

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin after cementation with glass ionomer (GICs) and resinmodified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty human maxillary canines were transversally sectioned at 15 mm from the apex. Canals were prepared with a step back technique until the application of a #55 K-file and filled. Post spaces were prepared and specimens were divided into five groups according to the cement used for post cementation: Luting & Lining Cement; Fuji II LC Improved; RelyX Luting; Ketac Cem; and Ionoseal. After cementation of the glass fiber posts, all roots were stored at 100% humidity until testing. For push-out test, 1-mm thick slices were produced. The push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute and the values (MPa) were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene's tests and by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Fiber posts cemented using Luting & Lining Cement, Fuji II LC Improved, and Ketac Cem presented the highest bond strength to root dentin, followed by RelyX Luting. Ionoseal presented the lowest bond strength values (P>0.05). The post level did not influence the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin (P=0.148). The major cause of failure was cohesive at the cement for all GICs and RMGICs. CONCLUSIONS: Except for Ionoseal, all cements provided satisfactory bond strength values

Shear Bond Strength of Composite-Resin to Porcelain: Effect of Thermocycling

Objective: Different ceramic repair systems have been reported for fractured ceramics.However, limited information is available concerning the bond strength of these systems especially after thermocycling. The aim of this in-vitro study was to determinethe effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of composite-resin to feldspathic porcelain with and without silane pretreatment.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, forty porcelain blocks were prepared and randomly divided into four groups (n=10). All porcelain surfaces were etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid, rinsed and air dried. In groups 1 and 3, silane pretreatment was applied using Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (ASMP).Smallparticlecomposite-resin was subsequently added on the ceramic surfaces, and lightcured.Specimens of groups 3 and 4 then subjected to 1000 thermal cycles. Shear bond strength was determined on a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Two-way ANOVA test (α=0.05) was used to analyze the bond strength.Results: There were statistically significant differences between study groups (P<0.05).Thermocycling caused a decrease in the shear bond strength for both silanized and nonsilanized groups.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, shear bond strength after thermocycling reduced considerably in ASMP system. In addition, silane treatment of porcelain was critical for achieving durable bond strength between composite-resin and porcelain

Effect of adhesive cements on reduction of microleakage at the amalgam/composite-resin interface

Background and Aim: Patients always complain about metallic color of amalgam restorations. Covering amalgam by composite can solve this problem. Since polymerization shrinkage is a serious shortcoming in composites, application of the combined amalgam and composite restoration is one of the methods to reduce leakage in the cervical margins of posterior restorations. The aim of this invitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of amalgam/composite interface when Rely-X ARC adhesive resin cement was used in the joint. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four sound extracted premolars were chosen. Mesial and distal class II conventional cavities were prepared and the samples were divided into 4 groups of 12. In all groups, the bases of the cavities were restored with amalgam and then the remaining part was filled by composite resin. Specimens in groups 1 and 2 were restored with composite-resin, immediately after condensing amalgam without or with application of Rely-X ARC (3M, ESPE) respectively. In groups 3 and 4, composite resin were applied 24 hours after condensation of amalgam, without or with application of Rely-X ARC respectively. After polishing and thermocycling, all specimens were prepared for dye penetration and the degree of leakage was scored and analyzed using Kruskall Wallis test with p&lt;0.05 as the level of significance. Results: The frequency of dye penetration in different groups was obtained. The most and the least scores were observed in groups 3 and 4 respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in different methods. Conclusion: None of the methods in this study could seal the amalgam/composite-resin interface