Key challenges for a large-scale development of battery electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

International audienceNowadays, several countries have adopted an energy transition policy to achieve carbon targets and decarbonize transport while improving their electricity mixes. Electric vehicles are ubiquitous, considering its role in the energy transition as a promising technology for large-scale storage of intermittent power generated from renewable energy sources. However, the widespread adoption and commercialization of EV remain linked to policy measures and government incentives. Here in this work, we review the current bottlenecks and key barriers for large-scale development of electric vehicles. First, the impact of massive integration of electric vehicles is analysed, and the energy management tools of electric energy storage in EVs are provided. Then, the variety of services that EVs may provide is investigated. We also, highlight how the optimal placement and sizing of EV charging infrastructure can plays a crucial role in electric vehicle development. The different methods for Li-ion battery states estimation and cells characterization are outlined. Furthermore, we present the different incentives to accelerate EVs adoption. And finally, we provide insightful suggestions and policy recommendations for future studies. The work presented in this paper will be very beneficial for policymakers seeking to promote electric mobility, and advance sustainable EV technologies

The radiation shielding features for some silicide, boride and oxide types ceramics

WOS: 000471733500002The gamma ray photon interaction parameters for different samples including calcium silicide, magnesium silicide, magnesium boride, calcium hexaboride, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide were investigated. For this aim, the mass attenuation coefficients for these samples were measured by the transmission geometry at 14 energies values (ie., E is an element of [81,1333] keV) and the results were compared with those acquired from the WinXCOM software. From the present samples, calcium silicide and magnesium boride have the highest and lowest effective atomic numbers, respectively. Besides, the effective atomic number values almost remain constant for magnesium silicide. The half value layer results showed that as the energy increases, the probability of photon interaction with the ceramic sample decreases, thus more gamma photons can penetrate the ceramics