Roles of tumor suppressors in regulating tumor-associated inflammation.

Loss or silencing of tumor suppressors (TSs) promotes neoplastic transformation and malignant progression. To date, most work on TS has focused on their cell autonomous effects. Recent evidence, however, demonstrates an important noncell autonomous role for TS in the control of tumor-associated inflammation. We review evidence from clinical data sets and mouse model studies demonstrating enhanced inflammation and altered tumor microenvironment (TME) upon TS inactivation. We discuss clinical correlations between tumor-associated inflammation and inactivation of TS, and their therapeutic implications. This review sets forth the concept that TS can also suppress tumor-associated inflammation, a concept that provides new insights into tumor-host interactions. We also propose that in some cases the loss of TS function in cancer can be overcome through inhibition of the resulting inflammatory response, regardless whether it is a direct or an indirect consequence of TS loss

Temperature-dependent dielectric and piezoelectric response of ferroelectrics from first principles

A method for the calculation of the temperature dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric responses, based on the use of a first-principles effective Hamiltonian, is described. Results are presented for the ferroelectric perovskite PbTiO3. While the method includes only the soft-mode contributions to the responses, it is argued to give a good description of the divergences or near-divergences of the response functions near the cubic-tetragonal transition. The expression of the response functions in terms of correlation functions is used to provide a real-space interpretation of the responses which clearly distinguishes between PbTiO3 and the related materials BaTiO3 and KNbO3.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX (aipproc), three eps figure

dd-abelian quotients of (d+2)(d+2)-angulated categories

Let ${\mathscr T}$ be a triangulated category. If $T$ is a cluster tilting object and $I = [ \operatorname{add} T ]$ is the ideal of morphisms factoring through an object of $\operatorname{add} T$, then the quotient category ${\mathscr T} / I$ is abelian. This is an important result of cluster theory, due to Keller-Reiten and K\"{o}nig-Zhu. More general conditions which imply that ${\mathscr T} / I$ is abelian were determined by Grimeland and the first author. Now let ${\mathscr T}$ be a suitable $( d+2 )$-angulated category for an integer $d \geqslant 1$. If $T$ is a cluster tilting object in the sense of Oppermann-Thomas and $I = [ \operatorname{add} T ]$ is the ideal of morphisms factoring through an object of $\operatorname{add} T$, then we show that ${\mathscr T} / I$ is $d$-abelian. The notions of $( d+2 )$-angulated and $d$-abelian categories are due to Geiss-Keller-Oppermann and Jasso. They are higher homological generalisations of triangulated and abelian categories, which are recovered in the special case $d = 1$. We actually show that if $\Gamma = \operatorname{End}_{ \mathscr T }T$ is the endomorphism algebra of $T$, then ${\mathscr T} / I$ is equivalent to a $d$-cluster tilting subcategory of $\operatorname{mod} \Gamma$ in the sense of Iyama; this implies that ${\mathscr T} / I$ is $d$-abelian. Moreover, we show that $\Gamma$ is a $d$-Gorenstein algebra. More general conditions which imply that ${\mathscr T} / I$ is $d$-abelian will also be determined, generalising the triangulated results of Grimeland and the first author.Comment: 19 pages. This is the final accepted version, which has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Algebr

Configuration dependence of physical properties of a ferroelectric solid solution

In this article, we motivate the detailed comparison of the physical properties of individual configurations of a ferroelectric solid solution as a means toward developing first principles models for these systems. We compare energies, dielectric constants epsilon_infinity, mode effective charges of local polar distortions, and the zero temperature piezoelectric behavior of several ordered Pb_3GeTe_4 supercells. Cluster expansions of these properties show the importance of second-neighbor effects, which can be related to symmetry-preserving relaxation and its effect on the symmetry breaking polar instabilities.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX (aipproc), 1 eps figur

An Allometric Study of the Boxelder Bug, \u3ci\u3eBoisea Trivittata\u3c/i\u3e (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae)

An allometric study was conducted on the boxelder bug, Boisea trivittata, to confirm the number ofinstars and to identify characteristics most useful for rapid instar identification of field samples. Analysis of field populations collected throughout the 1990-92 seasons indicated that there were five instars, clearly defined on the basis of size and the presence of wing pads. This finding is in contrast with the only other published study on stages of the boxelder bug, which claims there are six nymphal instars. Size data gathered from field populations were substantiated by laboratory growth studies. Head width and/or second antennal segment length were identified as the most useful parameters for instar identification