Low cost solar array project 1: Silicon material

The low cost production of silicon by deposition of silicon from a hydrogen/chlorosilane mixture is described. Reactor design, reaction vessel support systems (physical support, power control and heaters, and temperature monitoring systems) and operation of the system are reviewed. Testing of four silicon deposition reactors is described, and test data and consequently derived data are given. An 18% conversion of trichlorosilane to silicon was achieved, but average conversion rates were lower than predicted due to incomplete removal of byproduct gases for recycling and silicon oxide/silicon polymer plugging of the gas outlet. Increasing the number of baffles inside the reaction vessel improved the conversion rate. Plans for further design and process improvements to correct the problems encountered are outlined

Preparation and Potential Applications of Evacuated Closed-Cell Plastic Foams

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67368/2/10.1177_0021955X9002600201.pd

Transitory Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Electrical Properties of Isolated Frog Skin

The experiments indicate that when DMSO-Ringer\u27s solutions are applied to the outside of the frog skin, the electrical potential difference across the skin decreases while the short circuiting current increases slightly. Ringer\u27s solutions containing DMSO applied to the inside of the skin caused both the short circuiting current and the potential difference across the skin to decrease. These observations appear to be directly related to the concentration of DMSO-Ringer\u27s applied. The observed effects are discussed with respect to possible changes in the skin brought about by the DMSO and the relationships of these phenomena to active transport functions of the skin

Intersections of Identity, Culture, and Curriculum on the Threshold of a Latinx Transforming EdD program at a Hispanic Serving Institution

A constellation of emergent research is devoted to critiquing the institutional identities of Hispanic Serving institutions (HSIs) as primarily Hispanic-enrolling institutions and then exploring frameworks and practices aimed at transforming them into what García (2019) terms Latinx-serving institutions. The purpose of this essay is to explore the intersections of culturally relevant, responsive, and sustaining approaches and as potentially decolonizing curricular spaces of EdD program (re)design at HSIs. This essay draws from two qualitative studies exploring critical approaches to curriculum and pedagogy and program redesign in order to re-align questions about serving Latinx students toward practices of critical consciousness situated at the intersection of identity, culture, and curriculum. Findings include the ways in which those notions are different and similar, and the unique lens each offers the teachers and EdD program redesign. Implications discussed in this essay highlight the possibilities and problems of culturally relevant, responsive, and sustaining approaches for EdD program redesign and how they might look when applied in HSI EdD programs. Such findings are not only useful in lending insight into the specific complexities of HSI efforts to develop EdD programs that better serve Latinx students in transformative ways. These findings also indicate that the process through which this is undertaken benefits from critical consciousness aimed at individual and collective conscientization among students and faculty as well as curricular outcomes shaped by discourses of social justice

Aqueous carbonic acid: A readily removable electrolyte for the recovery of [18F]fluoride from anion exchange resins

[18F]Fluoride was recovered from [18O]target water in high yield by trapping it on a microcolumn of an anion exchange resin (20 mg Dowex 1 x 8, 400 mesh) and subsequent elution of the column (in the reverse direction) by aqueous carbonic acid at 52 atm. The carbonic acid was removed from the [18F]fluoride solution by brief heating at 85[deg]C, 1 atm. Thus no extraneous electrolyte was introduced by the extraction process. The resulting bicarbonate form of the resin was immediately capable of trapping further [18F]fluoride, permitting a repetitive remote system for recovery of [18O]water. Chloride was substantially retained on the column permitting separation of [18F]fluoride from the former.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29616/1/0000705.pd

Improvements to a Class of Distance Matrix Methods for Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees

Abstract Among the methods currently available for inferring species trees from gene trees, the GLASS method of Mossel and Roch (2010), the Shallowest Divergence (SD) method of Maddison and Knowles (2006), the STEAC method of Liu et al. (2009), and a related method that we call Minimum Average Coalescence (MAC) are computationally efficient and provide branch length estimates. Further, GLASS and STEAC have been shown to be consistent estimators of tree topology under a multispecies coalescent model. However, divergence time estimates obtained with these methods are all systematically biased under the model because the pairwise interspecific gene divergence times on which they rely must be more ancient than the species divergence time. Jewett and Rosenberg (2012) derived an expression for the bias of GLASS and used it to propose an improved method that they termed iGLASS. Here, we derive the biases of SD, STEAC, and MAC, and we propose improved analogues of these methods that we call iSD, iSTEAC, and iMAC. We conduct simulations to compare the performance of these methods with their original counterparts and with GLASS and iGLASS, finding that each of them decreases the bias and mean squared error of pairwise divergence time estimates. The new methods can therefore contribute to improvements in the estimation of species trees from information on gene trees.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98441/1/cmb%2E2012%2E0042.pd

A simple synthesis of [11C]methyl triflate

[11C]Methyl triflate ([11C]methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate) was formed in high yield when [11C]methyl iodide in a nitrogen carrier was passed at 200[deg]C through a column containing graphitized carbon impregnated with 50% by weight of silver triflate.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29777/1/0000116.pd

Ion exchange reaction of [18F]fluoride with an oxidized carbon surface

[18F]Fluoride was trapped from [18O]water in high yield by ion exchange on a microporous carbon prepared by controlled oxidation to produce a cationic surface with an exchange capacity of about 350 [mu] equiv/g. The [18F]fluoride could be recovered by displacement with aqueous K2CO3. The cationic carbon offered a dimensionally rigid matrix of high thermal stability. It was characterized with respect to chemical reactivity and selectivity for anion exchange.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29626/1/0000715.pd

Theology, News and Notes - Vol. 29, No. 02

Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published by Fuller Theological Seminary from 1954 through 2014.https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/tnn/1198/thumbnail.jp