Current Concepts for Patellar Dislocation

Context: Patellar dislocation usually occurs to the lateral side, leading to ruptures of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) in about 90% of the cases. Even though several prognostic factors are identified for patellofemoral instability after patellar dislocation so far, the appropriate therapy remains a controversial issue. Evidence Acquisition: Authors searched the Medline library for studies on both surgical and conservative treatment for patellar dislocation and patellofemoral instability. Additionally, the reference list of each article was searched for additional studies. Results: A thorough analysis of the anatomical risk factors with a particular focus on patella alta, increased Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove (TT-TG) distance, trochlear dysplasia as well as torsional abnormalities should be performed early after the first dislocation to allow adequate patient counseling. Summarizing the results of all published randomized clinical trials and comparing surgical and conservative treatment after the first-time patellar dislocation until today indicated no significant evident difference for children, adolescents, and adults. Therefore, nonoperative treatment was indicated after a first-time patellar dislocation in the vast majority of patients. Conclusions: Surgical treatment for patellar dislocation is indicated primarily in case of relevant concomitant injuries such as osteochondral fractures, and secondarily for recurrent dislocations

Teilnehmen oder Boykottieren: ein Anwendungsbeispiel der binären logistischen Regression mit SPSSx

Da bei einer dichotom abhängigen Variablen die Anwendung des linearen Regressionsmodells oft nicht angemessen ist, schlagen die Autoren als Alternative die Anwendung der logistischen Regression mit Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung der Modellparameter vor. Am 'Beispiel aus der Begleituntersuchung zur Volkszählung (wird) demonstriert, wie solche Schätzungen interpretiert werden können'. Es geht um die affektive und instrumentelle Einstellung zur Volkszählung 1987 als Prädiktoren der Boykottabsicht. Das Grundkonzept der binären logistischen Regression, Tests der Effekte und Interpretation der Resultate werden ausführlich diskutiert. Analogien zur linearen Regression werden ebenso aufgezeigt wie Unterschiede. Im Anhang wird beispielhaft auf die Vorgehensweise bei einer Analyse mit SPSSx eingegangen. (AG

Adamantane-1-thio­amide

The title compound, C11H17NS, is an important inter­mediate for the synthesis of biologically active adamantlythia­zolo-oxadiazo­les. The adamantyl residue is disordered about a twofold rotation axis over two sites with site-occupation factors of 0.817 (3) and 0.183 (3). The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Author Correction: Development of a sensitive, quantitative assay with broad subtype specificity for detection of total HIV-1 nucleic acids in plasma and PBMC

Correction to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03016-1, published online 28 January 202

Effect of single intralesional treatment of surgically induced equine superficial digital flexor tendon core lesions with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a controlled experimental trial

Background: Adipose tissue is a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of tendon disease. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a single intralesional implantation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) on artificial lesions in equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs). Methods: During this randomized, controlled, blinded experimental study, either autologous cultured AT-MSCs suspended in autologous inactivated serum (AT-MSC-serum) or autologous inactivated serum (serum) were injected intralesionally 2 weeks after surgical creation of centrally located SDFT lesions in both forelimbs of nine horses. Healing was assessed clinically and with ultrasound (standard B-mode and ultrasound tissue characterization) at regular intervals over 24 weeks. After euthanasia of the horses the SDFTs were examined histologically, biochemically and by means of biomechanical testing. Results: AT-MSC implantation did not substantially influence clinical and ultrasonographic parameters. Histology, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the repair tissue did not differ significantly between treatment modalities after 24 weeks. Compared with macroscopically normal tendon tissue, the content of the mature collagen crosslink hydroxylysylpyridinoline did not differ after AT-MSC-serum treatment (p = 0.074) while it was significantly lower (p = 0.027) in lesions treated with serum alone. Stress at failure (p = 0.048) and the modulus of elasticity (p = 0.001) were significantly lower after AT-MSC-serum treatment than in normal tendon tissue. Conclusions: The effect of a single intralesional injection of cultured AT-MSCs suspended in autologous inactivated serum was not superior to treatment of surgically created SDFT lesions with autologous inactivated serum alone in a surgical model of tendinopathy over an observation period of 22 weeks. AT-MSC treatment might have a positive influence on collagen crosslinking of remodelling scar tissue. Controlled long-term studies including naturally occurring tendinopathies are necessary to verify the effects of AT-MSCs on tendon disease