Effect of isolated protein diet on remodeling of the bronchial-alveolar-vascular microaxis of the lungs

Objective: to establish the remodeling mechanisms of the micro-axis of the bronchi-alveoli-vessels exposed to isolated protein diet. Methods: Research design - randomized experimental study, the population of sixteen Wistar rats is divided into a main and control group. The main group was subjected exclusively to a protein diet, and the control group was on standard feed for a month. On the 15th and 30th days, the animals were phased out of the experiment and a histological analysis of the lungs was carried out to detect changes in the bronchio-alveolar-vascular microaxis. Age and body mass of animals were measured and compared at the beginning of the experiment and before autopsy. The independent and paired samples t-test has been applied for statistical analysis. Results: Animals in both groups were comparable in age and body weight. Over time, the body mass increased in each group (217.5 (18.5) vs 246.2(18.2) gr., (p=0.0001) for the main group and 211.8 (10.6) vs 240.6 (11.7) gr, (p=0.0001) for the control group), but the weights of the main group did not differ from the control group (246.2 (18.2) gr vs 240.6 (11.7) gr, p=0.47). The isolated protein diet has led to an increase in collagen and elastin in the stroma surrounding the ventilation and perfusion pathway, leading to dystrophic changes not only in the organ’s stroma, but also in the bronchial walls and blood vessels of the lungs during a 30-day experiment. The above morphological changes showed significant remodeling of the microaxis of the broncho-alveolo-vascular exposome. At 15-day, only adaptive compensatory changes were observed with small differences from the control group. Conclusion: The 30-day isolated protein diet disrupts the interaction and interdependence of the functioning and structural organization of the components of the bronchial-alveolar-vascular microaxis of the lungs. Relatively 15-day results showed adaptive and compensatory changes. Our findings may serve as a basis for future major clinical trials based on exposomal factors

Floristic Research of the Biological Reserve “Bragunsky”

Flora of the biological reserve “Bragunsky” of republican significance, located on the territory of three districts of the Chechen Republic (area of 17,000 hectares, forest land – 10.2 thousand hectares) is studied. Its boundaries are indicated. Preliminary studies in the summer-autumn flora of the reserve have revealed 237 species from 175 genera and 53 families, among which more than 15 endemics are of different statuses, 25 relict species are of different geological eras. Dominant by the number of family species are indicated (Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Scrophyliaceae, Orchidaceae), Geographic elements are considered. The general-holarctic and boreal nature of the flora is noted with a significant participation of ancient Mediterranean and binding elements. The prevalence of hemicryptophytes in the reserve flora has been noted – 115 (49.78 %) species, 48 therophytes (20.25 %) and 40 phanerophytes (10 %) and a slight presence of cryptophytes – 4.21 %. The economically and scientifically valuable, as well as rare, red book and protected species are listed

Halophytes of Tersko-kumsk Lowland Area, Their Protection and Rational Use

Article provides a brief analytical review of studies of halophilic flora species of Tersko- Kumsk lowland area. The most important representatives are indicated, the adaptive properties of different halophyte groups are considered. Their resource value is noted (fodder, medicinal, melliferous, tannic, etc.). In the systematic aspect, the halophilic flora exhibits Mediterranean features, dicotyledons dominate in it, club-moss and horsetails are completely absent, ferns are minimally present. In the edaphic relation, most species of halophytes are obligate, confined to one type of substrate, and the vast majority of halophytes are confined to the steppe belt, the subalpine belt, the belt of upland xerophytes and the alpine belt are in descending order, least of all halophytes in the forest belt, individual species live in subnival belt.The question of the protection of solonchak vegetation and solonchak steppes as a peculiar ecosystems, with a distinctive landscape and original flora containing a highly specialized ecological group of plants, which testifies to the relationship of the nature of plants with the environment. Halophilic cenoses can serve as indicators of the soil, chemical composition and depth of groundwater

Aims and Principles of Foreign Language Teaching

In this article about aims and principles of foreign language teaching teacher should know exactly what his pupils are expected to achieve in learning his subject, what changes he can bring about in his pupils at the end of the course

ANALYSIS OF POLYMORPHISMS OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM AND RELATION TO VASOPRESSORS IN ESSENTIAL SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION WITH THE LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY IN DAGESTAN REPUBLIC

Aim. To assess the prevalences of genotypes and alleles polymorphisms of reninangiotensin-aldosterone  system,  and  β2-adrenoreceptors,  and  to  evaluate  the results  in regard   to  vasopressor  levels  in blood  serum  in essential   systemic hypertension  (ESH) with the  left ventricle hypertrophy  (LVH)  and  with none,  in Dagestan  Republic population.Material and methods. To the assessment, 98 patients included with the diagnosis “essential systemic hypertension  with or none LVH”. Genotypes  were assessed, of polymorphism A1166C gene AGTR1 and polymorphism Arg16Gly gene ADRB2. The testing of the polymorphisms was performed  with allele-specific polymerase  chain reaction.  Level of angiotensin  (At) II, endothelin (et) 1-21 and aldosterone (AS) in blood serum was measured by the hard-phase IeA. Level of ACe was measured by enzymatic method. Statistics was done with the software statistica (version 6.0) and “Biostat 4.03”.Results.  In EAH  patients   with LVH  the  prevalence   of  Arg/Arg polymorphism Arg16Gly gene  ADRB2  was  lower than  in control.  In EAH  with no LVH  there  is significant decline  of AC genotype  prevalences of polymorphism  A1166C gene AGTR1 and genotype  Arg/Arg polymorphism Arg16Gly gene ADRB2. Level of EТ1-21  and АТ II in the group of EAH with no LVH patients was significantly higher than in controls. Level of AT II in EAH with LVH was significantly higher than none LVH group. Increase of the levels of these mediators of AH was followed by a decline of AS level in the groups  of patients  comparing  to controls. In EAH group with LVH significant increase of et 1-21 was associated with the carriage of As polymorphism A1166C gene AGTR1, and genotypes АА and СС of the same polymorphism were associated with the decrease of levels of EТ1-21. In EAH with no LVH a significant decrease of At  II  level was found in the  carriers  of AA  and  AC genotypes of polymorphism A1166C  gene   AGTR1.  Also, the  association   was  found  of  all  genotypes  of polymorphism Arg16Gly gene ADRB2  with the decrease of АТ II.Conclusion. In Dagestan  population, in EAH with and with no LVH, most significant are  genotypes  AA,  AC and  CC  of  polymorphism  A1166C gene   AGTR1,  and genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Gly, Gly/Gly and alleles Arg and Gly polymorphism Arg16Gly gene ADRB2. Pathogenic  significance of the mentioned  polymorphisms is emphasized by the presence of polymorphism ET1-12, АТ II, Аs in blood serum

ANALYSIS OF ENDEMISM OF THE XEROPHILOUS FLORA IN THE RUSSIAN CAUCASUS

The aim of our research is to study the endemics of the xerophilous flora of the Russian Caucasus in connection with the matter of knowing the genesis.Methods. The study is based on the field research expeditions.Findings. The presence of endemic species in flora is an indicator of its originality, and the degree of originality is determined by the extent of the endemic species. In general, according to our geographic analysis, the number of endemic species in xerophilous flora of the Russian Caucasus accounts for 32% (326 species), of which 25% of all endemic species have natural habitats within entire Caucasus, 66% are widespread in the Greater Caucasus, and 9% in the Pre-Caucasian region.Conclusion. Endemic species of xerophytes of the flora, in their overwhelming majority, are euxerophytes, and most steno-endemics also belong to this group of xerophytes. In a systematic aspect, the leading family, containing the largest number of endemic species, is Asteraceae (in percentage terms - Lamiaceae) and Jurinea is a leading genus (in percentage terms - Psephellus). In relation to the substrate, calcixerophytes are the dominants and most saturated endemics in quantitative terms are the belt of mountain xerophytes. The predominant biomes are hemicryptophytes; as compared with the number of biomorphes, among chamaephytes there is the biggest quantity of endemics

ANALYSIS OF THE PLANT SPECIES USED FOR TECHNICAL PURPOSES IN CHECHNYA

Aim. The aim of the research is to define the species composition of technical plants, to conduct its comprehensive analysis and identify useful properties of wild species of Chechnya for enriching the range of plants used for technical purposes. Methods. The object of the study was the flora and spatial localization of certain types of technical plants on the territory of Chechnya and adjacent territories. The material for the study was obtained as a result of observations in nature and collection of herbarium material during expeditionary researches from 2010 to 2017. Discussion. The article lists dyeing, essential oil-bearing, tannic, tar-bearing plants of the flora of Chechnya and adjacent territories. The main woodraw plants that provide valuable wood are also given special attention in the research; the qualitative properties of various woods and their intended use are briefly described. Are also descried many arboreal and herbaceous species which are widely used or are promising for tanning leather, fabrics, as well as species for obtaining essential oils and aromatic substances suitable for the use in liquor and vodka production, confectionery and other industries. Conclusion. The availability of large reserves of raw technical crops in the republics of the North Caucasus makes them very promising for industrial use. The study of the properties of biologically active substances, establishment of their structure, and creation of valuable herbal preparations on their basis is of great practical importance. On the territory of the Chechen Republic we have identified 157 types of technical plants belonging to 74 genera and 35 families. The problem of preserving the species diversity of valuable, economically useful, including technical plants in culture, becomes especially urgent in connection with the expansion of the use of new species as sources of biological substances

Epidemiology Analysis Of Treated Patients With Skin Leishamizam In Djizak Region (Uzbekistan)

According to official data, the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is the last 5 years; in endemic areas, Uzbekistan is growing markedly. Given the increase in the incidence rate among the population of the republic, it is necessary to conduct an annual epidemiological analysis of the detection and spread of this disease, with the aim of timely monitoring and prevention. [1,4,5