Современный подход к диагностике и оценке лечебного эффекта неоадъювантной терапии при раке молочной железы

Complete pathological tumor response is now considered the main criterion of effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy and has great prognostic value. The paper describes the modern approach to the definition of residual tumor in breast cancer patients afterneoadjuvant chemotherapy, the criteria of a full morphological regression according to the latest clinical guidelines.Одним из основных методов оценки эффективности неоадъювантной терапии сегодня считается анализ полного патоморфологического ответа опухоли. Этот показатель имеет важное прогностическое значение. В работе рассмотрен современный подход к определению остаточной опухолевой нагрузки рака молочной железы после неоадъювантной химиотерапии, приведены критерии полного морфологического регресса согласно последним клиническим рекомендациям

Thermodynamic modeling and experimental investigation of the MgO-Y2O3-ZrO2 system

Solid-state phase equilibria in the MgO-Y2O3-ZrO2 system as well as the equilibria including liquid were investigated in the whole-compositional range using high-temperature differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Isothermal sections at 1493, 1573, 1693, and 1923 K were constructed based on experimental studies. The presence of tie line between MgO and Y4Zr3O12 in the temperature range between 1493 and 1573 K was confirmed. The eutectic melting in the MgO-Y2O3-ZrO2 system was established using DTA followed by SEM/EDX microstructure investigation. Based on the obtained experimental results, the thermodynamic database was derived

Photonic response and temperature evolution of SiO2/TiO2 multilayers

The microstructural and optical reflectivity response of photonic SiO2/TiO2 nanomultilayers have been investigated as a function of temperature and up to the material system’s melting point. The nanomultilayers exhibit high, broadband reflectivities up to 1350 °C with values that exceed 75% for a 1 μm broad wavelength range (600–1600 nm). The optimized nanometer sized, dielectric multilayers undergo phase transformations from anatase TiO2 and amorphous SiO2 to the thermodynamically stable phases, rutile and cristobalite, respectively, that alter their structural morphology from the initial multilayers to that of a scatterer. Nonetheless, they retain their photonic characteristics, when characterized on top of selected substrate foils. The thermal behavior of the nanometer sized multilayers has been investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and compared to that of commercially available, mm-sized, annealed powders. The same melting reactions were observed, but the temperatures were lower for the nm-sized samples. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction before DTA and after annealing at temperatures of 1350 and 1700 °C. The microstructural evolution and phase compositions were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The limited mutual solubility of one material to another, in combination with the preservation of their optical reflectivity response even after annealing, makes them an interesting material system for high-temperature, photonic coatings, such as photovoltaics, aerospace re-entry and gas turbines, where ultra-high temperatures and intense thermal radiation are present.ISSN:0022-2461ISSN:1573-480