Collecting genetic materials and isolating DNAs of grapevine (Vitis spp.) as naturally grown in Ganos Mountains

Ganos Dağları Trakya’nın güneyinde 40° 35’ ve 40° 52’ K ile 26° 58’ ve 27° 27’ D arasındayer almaktadır. Kuzeydoğu-Güneybatı yönünde uzanmaktadır. Tekir Dağları’nın 945 m rakımile en yüksek yeridir. 2014 yılı vejetasyon periyodunda yürütülen araştırmada örnekleme üçfarklı yöntem izlenerek yapılmıştır. Arkeolojik kazılar sonucunda eski yerleşimlerin olduğubilinen alanlar ve yakınlarında; köylerde yaşayan kişilerin belirttiği asmalardan ve asmabulunması olasılığı olan bölge ve dere yataklarının aranması şeklinde yapılmıştır. Örnekler40° 53’ K ile 27° 26’ D ve 40° 35’ K ile 27° 00’ D koordinatları arasından toplanmıştır.“Second Edition of the OIV Descriptor List for GrapeVarieties and Vitis Species” listesindeyer alan 29 tanımlama karakteri kullanılarak irdelenmiştir. Alınan yaprak ve sürgün ucuörnekleri fotoğraflanmış ve incelenen özellikler açısından değerlendirilmiştir. ÖrneklerinDNA’ları “Doyle & Doyle DNA Ekstrasyon Protokolü” kullanılarak izole edilmiştir. Eldeedilen DNA’lar buzdolabında muhafaza altına alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak Ganos Dağları’nınkuzey yamaçlarında yaklaşık 600 m, güney yamaçlarında ise 700-750 m rakımlardan sonraVitis vinifera ssp. silvestris ve Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa örneklerine rastlanmamıştır. Köy ileyerleşim yerlerine uzak ve yoğun ormanlık alanlarda (aşırı gölge) bulunan bazı derelerde deörnek bulunmadığı; genellikle su bulunan nemli alanlarda, etrafı açık, kayalık derelerdeyetiştiği görülmüştür. Bu asmaların arasından gelecekte ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılmak üzereyeni bireylerin eldesi ihtimali olduğundan vejetatif materyal alınarak in-vivo’da saklanmasınınuygun olacağı ön görülmüştür.Ganos Mountains, lied on north-east and south-west direction are located in the south of Trakya Region in 40° 35’ and 40° 52’ N ile 26° 58’ ve 27° 27’ E coordinates. Ganos Mountains are the highest point of Tekir Mountains with 945 m altitude. Research was conducted in the vegetation period in 2014; sampling survey carried out using three different methods. Searching grapevines in the well-known oldest settlement areas which were about archaeological excavation areas; also asking the villagers, and some districts and riverbeds. Grapevine samples are collected between 40° 53' N and 27° 26' E and 40° 35' N 27° 00' D coordinates. Samples were examined on 29 identification characters according to the “Second Edition of the OIV’s Descriptor List for Grape Varieties and Vitis Species” list. Grapevine leaves and shoot apex samples were photographed and evaluated. Samples DNAs content were isolated using the “Doyle & Doyle DNA Extraction Protocol”. DNAs were preserved in refrigerator. As a result, in the northern slopes of the Ganos Mountains about 600 m altitude, while the southern slopes above 700-750 m altitude; neither Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris nor Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa grapevine samples were found. Far from the villages and settlements also densely forested areas (excessive shade) and streams there was no samples found; while moist areas with water, open areas and rocky creek was have samples. It is foreseen that; in order touse in the future breeding programs these vegetative materials are kept in-vivo conditions

Evaluation of the Possible Neurotoxic Effect of the Bone Cement on the Facial Nerve: An Experimental Study

Objectives To investigate neurotoxic effect of bone cement (BC) on facial nerve by using electrophysiological and histopathological methods. Methods This study included 20 male albino Wistar rats, divided into four equal groups. Group A was designed as the control group, while group B was sham group. In the group C, BC solution was dropped onto the facial nerve trunks of rats and washed with physiological saline after 5 seconds. In the group D, BC solution was dropped onto the facial nerve trunks of rats and after allowing 5 minutes to dry, wounds were closed. Pre- and postoperative (on 4th week) evoked electromyography (EMG) measurements were done. For histopathological assessments, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples of facial nerve and surrounding areas were collected. Results According to the wave amplitude levels of evoked EMG, postoperative amplitude levels of group D were significantly decreased, compared to preoperative amplitude levels (P=0.043). We found no statistically significant difference in inflammation among the groups. In none of the groups, foreign body reaction and granulation tissue were not detected in any of the groups. In addition, degeneration in axon, myelin, or perineural nets was not detected in any of the groups. Conclusion This study results suggest that BC has no direct toxicity on facial nerve, while it has indirect effects, by decreasing amplitude. Therefore, we conclude that direct contact of BC with nerve should be avoided, and the area should be cleaned by aspiration or washing with physiological saline in case of contact

In-between spaces and social interaction: a morphological analysis of Izmir using space syntax

This research tackles the intermediate spaces between buildings and the street, by examining the definition and importance of spatial configuration in relation to urban morphology and social relations. It also analyses how the organisation of in-between space affects social interaction in different urban forms. To understand the complex relations and socio-spatial structure of the city, it is important to use mixed methods. This research utilises various methods to focus on three dissimilar urban morphologies in Izmir, Turkey. Two inner city quarters and one modern housing estate of middle- and high-income groups are compared using space syntax analysis and snapshot observations. These neighbourhoods are selected according to their syntax measures from more integrated to segregated neighbourhoods in the axial analysis. And for a detailed zoomed-in analysis, similar diameter areas are covered for observations. Subsequently, activity patterns are observed at different times of the day, one weekday and one Sunday in three cases. In each neighbourhood, syntactic measures of all selected streets are correlated with these recorded activities. This study reveals that connectivity of streets is important for supplying niches that trigger long-duration activities and social interaction. In modern estates, stationary activities are not correlated strong enough with movement as it is in inner city neighbourhoods. Additionally, in-between spaces increase the frequency of social interaction and co-presence of people particularly in more integrated areas. However, this is only one element in developing sense of community. Further research is needed especially in correlating space syntax with environmental issues, as well as people’s behaviour

Türkiye'de Ankara tavşanı yetiştiriciliğinin genel özellikleri, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri

This study has done to determine the general characteristic of Angora rabbit husbandary, to find out the problems and to purpose some suggestion related to the problems in Turkey. The material of the study was gathered from 42 active rabbit farms in 17 provinces; different regions of Turkey. Rabbit farms were examined which were divided in to three groups (;lt; 49 rabbits, 50-199 rabbits and ;gt; 200 rabbits) due to their capacity (rabbit numbers). It was found out that the annual average wool yield per rabbit farm was 728 g, 82 lg, ve 575 g for the groups respectively. The average wool yield of all rabbit farms was 642 g/year. The low wool yield is probably because of unsuitable raising conditions. The most important expenditure is the feed cost in Angora rabbit raising. The share of the feed cost in the total expenditure was 26.89%, 34.87%, 44.07% for the groups respectively and it was 40.2% in general. The main problems are as follows: technical knowledge deficiency, non providing quality feed, deficiency of proper conditions for ensuring high wool yield and difficulties in marketing wool and other products.Çalışma, Türkiye'de Ankara tavşanı yetiştiriciliğinin genel durumu, sorunları ve çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın materyali Türkiye'de farklı bölgelerdeki 17 ilde bulunan toplam 42 aktif işletmeden elde edilmiştir. İşletmeler kapasitelerine (tavşan sayıları) göre üç gruba ( 49 tavşan, 50- 199 tavşan ve > 200 tavşan) ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Yıllık ortalama yün üretimi işletme başına gruplara göre sırasıyla 728 g, 82 lg, ve 575 g bulunmuştur. Tüm işletmelerde ortalama yün verimi 642 g/yıl'dır. Düşük yün verimi muhtemelen uygun olmayan yetiştirme koşullarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ankara tavşanı yetiştirme maliyeti içinde yem önemli bir masraf unsurudur. Yem masrafının toplam yetiştirme maliyeti içindeki payı gruplara göre sırasıyla; % 26.89, % 34.87, % 44.07 ve genel olarak % 40.2'dir. Saptanan başlıca sorunlar; teknik bilgi noksanlığı, kaliteli yem sağlanamaması, yüksek yün verimi sağlayabilecek uygun koşulların yokluğu ile yün ve diğer ürünlerin pazarlamasındaki güçlüklerdir

Factors Affecting The Production Decisions of Cut Flowers Producers in Menderes Region of Izmir Province

Son yıllarda, kesme çiçek üretimi ve ihracatı birçok ülkenin ekonomisinde büyük bir role sahiptir. Kesme çiçek endüstrisi, hem dünyada hem de Türkiye'de üretim ve ticaret hacmi ile önemli bir ekonomik aktivite olarak ilerlemesini sürdürmektedir. Kesme çiçek talebindeki artış ve ulaştırma hizmetlerindeki gelişmeler bu sektörün ilerlemesini hızlandırmıştır. Bu araştırma İzmir ili Menderes ilçesi Altıntepe mahallesinde seçilen gül, gerbera, karanfil, krizantem, lisiantus üreticilerini kapsamaktadır. Kesme çiçek üreticilerinin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı, üretim ekonomisi ve işletmelerin yıllık faaliyet sonuçları incelenmiş ve sonuçlar sunulmuştur. Her kesme çiçek için toplam brüt üretim değerleri, değişken masraflar, brüt kârları ve birim maliyetler hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; karanfil üretimi, diğer kesme çiçek türleri arasında en kârlı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, karanfil üretim kararını etkileyen en önemli faktörler ‘üretim masraflarının az olması ve alışkanlıklar’ olarak saptanmıştır.Recently, cut-flowers production and export has a great role in economies of many countries. The industry of cut flower continues its progress as an important economic activity with its volume of production and trade both in the world and in Turkey. The increase in demands for cut flowers and the developments in transportation services have recently accelerated the progress of the industry. This research covers a group of selected farmers producing rose, gerbera, carnation, chrysanthemum, lisiantus in Altıntepe neighborhood in Menderes district in Izmir province. Economics of cut-flowers production, socio-economic structure and annual activity results of the farms were examined and results were represented. For each cut flower, total gross production values, variable costs, gross margins, and unit costs were also calculated. According to results; carnation production is found the most profitable among the other cut-flowers types. Besides, it was determined that ‘low production costs and habits’ are the most important factors affecting carnation production decisions

Lymph nodal involvement by renal angiomyolipoma

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney is a clonal neoplasm, apparently part of a family of neoplasms derived from perivascular epithelial cells. A 40-year-old woman presented with right flank pain and an otherwise non-significant medical history. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed an 18 cm solid mass in the mid-portion of the right kidney and multiple perihilar lymph nodes. presumptive diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma. Right radical nephrectomy and a perihilar lymph node dissection was performed through a Chevron incision for the anticipated diagnosis of renal adenocarcinoma. The renal tumor was diagnosed as angiomyolipoma and a component was identified pathologically in a dissected lymph node. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence in the follow-up period of eight years. The consensus from other studies suggests that this phenomenon is a manifestation of the multicentric nature of angiomyolipoma, rather than due to metastasis. Genetic studies may resolve this question in the future

Inflammatory pseudotumor following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A new case and review of the literature

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare tumor that occurs in various organs and tissues. The clinical picture varies from the more frequent benign lesions to the rare malignant tumors with distant metastases. IPT associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is rarely reported. In this article, we review the reports of IPT after HSCT and describe the first case of bladder IPT. We also review the possible factors involved in the pathogenesis. IPT might be rare but it is a potentially serious complication of HSCT. It should be considered in patients with otherwise unexplained inflammatory symptoms or signs or with any mass lesion in the post- HSCT period. A knowledge of this entity and insistence on a definitive biopsy of mass lesions in the post- HSCT period can avoid unnecessary treatment such as radical surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy