Implementation of Fault Tolerance Algorithm to Restore Affected Nodes in Scheduling Clusters

Due to the convergence of the networks, the top priority objective of researchers is to get the network fully connected. Several types of networks have been introduced and proposed to improve performance. Cluster environment provides full support for various applications. Scheduling is one of the most important research-focusing areas, where different supporting algorithms are implemented. However, there is still a gap in scheduling to provide best network connectivity to all nodes. This paper targets nodes affected issue that occurs due to scalability, data sharing, while leaving and joining the nodes. To control and retain an affected node in the clustering scheduling, fault tolerance techniques are applied. The base of this technique is Node Recovery Algorithm (NRA). This algorithm supports disconnected nodes and restores them to join the scheduling. Furthermore, this algorithm maximizes the efficiency of the cluster and improves the performance

Foreign bodies’ inhalation, 38-year-experience Past, present and future

Four decades of personal experience in dealing with the inhaled foreign body (FB) Ways of presentations. Methods of diagnosis. Methods used for the successful removal the FBs using the rigid paediatric bronchoscope will be elucidated.  The changing patterns of the types of FB during these years will be emphasized. Majority of these incidents of inhaled FBs are preventable

Traumatic Rupture of the Left Main Bronchus Case report & review of the literatures

Rupture of the trachea or main bronchus can occurs during severe chest trauma and this event has been reported since more than a century. This is a report of a 19 year old male patient sustained car accident leading to loss of consciousness due to multiple trauma ,involving specially the head and the chest that he needs assisted ventilation in an intensive care unit and later a tracheostomy .The patient regain his consciousness gradually , and a late diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the left main bronchus , which was approved by bonchoscopy and CT chest .Surgical repair of the ruptured left main bronchus was accomplished sixty days from the admission with the lung fully expanded on a post operative chest X-ray . The patient referred later to the ENT Department , thereafter a successful weaning from the tracheostomy was performed .The patient discharged well , but he was in need for regular bronchoscopic dilatation for a tracheal stricture as a complication of tracheostomy .The patient is still well during the follow up period . The report will includes a review of the literatures about this relatively uncommon post traumatic condition

Pulmonary Sequestration Second case series from Iraq

Background: Pulmonary sequestration is a lung tissue (out of function), that received its blood supply from anomalous artery and not continuous with the tracheobronchial tree. Aim: To report a personal experience in dealing with five patients with pulmonary sequestration, due to anomalous arterial supply from the descending Thoracic Aorta ,ways of diagnosis and proper surgical management. Patients and Methods: Five patients with pulmonary sequestration, admitted, investigated and surgically managed at the department of Thoracic and Vascular surgery, in the surgical sub specialties hospital of the Medical City Teaching Complex during ten years period (2010-2019). Results : Four of our patients were male, the remaining one was a female, all managed successfully by Operative ligation of the anomalous blood supply and resection of the involved segment or lobe. Conclusion: Resection of the involved segment or lobe after ligation of the anomalous artery offers the best chance of cure

The status of rabies in Ethiopia: A retrospective record review

Background: Rabies, a viral disease that affects all warm-blooded animals, is widespread in many regions of the world. Human rabies, transmitted by dogs is an important public health issue in Ethiopia. To-date, effective rabies control program still remains to be a reality and needs to be strengthened..Objective: Reviewing of recorded data to generate information on the status of rabies in Ethiopia for the year 2001-2009.Methods: A retrospective data were used from the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute rabies case record book registered between 2001 and 2009.Results: The fatal human cases during the period of study were 386 humans with annual range of 35 to 58. The over all post exposure treatment for humans was 17,204 within and around Addis Ababa. During the same period, 20,414 suspected rabid animals were clinically examined; nevertheless, only 10%were positive for rabies. Among 3,460 animal brains investigated in the laboratory with FAT, 75% were confirmed as rabies positive. The production and distribution of anti-rabies vaccine reached 130,673 treatment doses for human vaccine and 85,055 doses for animal vaccine respectively in the period of 2001-2009.Conclusion: The recorded data showed the underestimate of rabies diagnosis, post exposure prophylaxis and fatal human cases, which could be attributed due to the absence of national rabies surveillance system. Therefore, It is of paramount importance to assess and map the national picture of rabies within a given time interval to launch a national rabies control strategy. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2010;24(2):127-132

The outcome of Pleurodesis in Malignant Pleural Effusion

Background: Accumulation of fluid in pleural space, which is malignant in nature, is secondary to lung, breast or ovarian tumors. Metastatic Adeno Ca is most commonly seen in male and breast Ca is most commonly seen in female. It indicates advanced disease and reduced survival. Aim: Is to study prospectively thirty patients with malignant pleural effusion according to their clinical presentation, ways of diagnosis, and methods of chemical pleurodesis. Patient and methods: Data of thirty patients with malignant pleural effusion collected and analyzed using a form to categorize them according to their age, gender, presenting features, imaging studies and procedure performed to drain the fluid and to arrange chemical pleurodesis. Results: Eighteen patients were male; twelve patients were female in a ratio of 1.5:1. The youngest was 52 years old while the oldest was 81 years old. The mean age was 65.8 ±7.34. The most frequent presenting features were cough and dyspnea. Imaging studies showed that eleven patients had left sided effusion with underlying mass. Eight patients had right sided effusion with underlying mass while the remaining eleven patients had only effusion. Twenty patients received (Talc) and ten patients received (Bleomycin) with comparable recurrence rate of the  effusion, in seven patients out of 20 in Talc (35%) and in three out of 10 patients received Bleomycin (30%). Conclusion: Malignant pleural effusion should be drained nearly complete evacuation; regardless the primary cause, prior to installation of agent for pleurodesis and both (Talc & Bleomycin) can be used with comparable results and recurrenc

Traumatic Haemothorax: Diagnostic approaches and surgical management

  Background: Traumatic haemothorax is a collection of blood within the pleural cavity due to a penetrating or blunt injury leading to blood accumulation inside the pleural space with its respiratory and hemodynamic consequences. Objectives: Is to retrospectively study eighty victims of traumatic haemothorax regarding their age, gender, types of injury, and their sequel, as well as the methods of investigation, treatment modality (conservative or operative) and their outcome.   Patients and methods: The data of 80 patients with traumatic haemothorax admitted to Ibn AL-Nnafees teaching hospital from (1st of August 2018 to 30th. of September 2019), was collected. The data was analyzed according to age, gender, clinical features, associated findings, mechanism of injury, imaging, procedure performed, operative finding, post-operative outcome, morbidity, mortality and follow up. Result: Seventy-four (92.5%) of our patients were males, and 32 (40%) were between 21-30 year of age. Fifty-four patients (67.5%) were injured by bullet, stab or shell injury. The remaining 26 patients (32.5%) were affected by blunt injury. Sixty patients (75%) were treated successfully with tube thoracostomy only. Eight patients (10%) required emergency thoracotomy after the insertion of chest tube, ten patients (12.5%) needed elective thoracotomy for (clotted haemothorax, foreign body extraction or empyema), and the remaining two patients (2.5%) presented with minimal haemothorax and didn’t need any intervention. Sixty-two of our patients (77.5%) were discharged well within 7 days. Those with air leak or who needed thoracotomy (elective or emergency) had longer hospitalization periods. Only one patient with empyema needed to stay more than 30 days. Sixty-nine (86.3%) of our patients were discharged well, while complication occurred in three patients (3.8%) with air leak, two (2.5%) ended with empyema and four patients (5%) with clotted haemothorax. Two patients (2.5%) died due to sever uncontrolled bleeding. Conclusion: Most of the patients with traumatic haemothorax were simply managed by tube thoracostomy only. In haemodynamically unstable patients, no time should be wasted for investigations and a resuscitative thoracotomy can save the patient’s life. Rapid assessment and early intervention will save the life of patient with traumatic haemothorax

Novel Proactive Patch Peer Protocol to Support Faster Delivery of Video-on-Demand

© ASEE 2011An important feature in the convergence of network is provision of multimedia applications. Multimedia consists of different classes but video-on-demand (VoD) has been more focusing research area in recent years. VoD enables the users to watch and select the contents of songs and movies on demand. There is still no concrete technique to attain the goals of delivering the video on demand fastly. Secondly the delivery of video on demand to heterogeneous mobile environment is very exigent task because multimedia services face various limitations mostly caused by the wireless channel unpredictability, limited bandwidth, assorted behavior of protocols, standards and fading effect, etc. The users mostly face the issues of downloading the on-line applications and data by using VoD method on heterogamous networks. To reduce these problems, we propose and simulate the novel technique of proactive patch peer (PPP) protocol to support the delivery of VoD. This protocol gets the peer from server and requests the remaining part (patch) for playing the video from one distance neighbour node on the basis of stored information for one hop distance of node onto the profile of requesting nodes. The protocol uses unicast scheme to reduce the network traffic load and avoid the bottleneck. The other features of PPP are to save the bandwidth and make the faster delivery of video on demand as compare with other previous techniques. We first present the concept and architecture of PPP, and then introduce used techniques for unicast VoD method. We also target and evaluate the multicasting issues for delivery of VoD. Our experimental results demonstrate on the basis of simulation that the proposed PPP is more effective, faster and bandwidth saving protocol for delivery of VoD