The survey of the effect of ginger extract on gastric residual volume in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Units

Background and purpose: Delayed gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated patients is common. According to evidences, Ginger can accelerate gastric emptying. This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract on gastric residual volume of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial with before and after schematization, 24 mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in ICUs were divided into two groups, intervention group (12 patients) and control group (n = 12) after matching for sex and severity of disease. After 48 hours of feeding with a standard gavage solution, the intervention group received 120mg of ginger extract in 4 days and the control group received 5 ml water as placebo in 4 days. The mean residual volume was recorded in the fifth and the sixth days. Data analysis was done with independent and paired T-tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean residual volume in the first 48 hours was not significantly different between the groups. But after 48 hours of starting treatment, the average of mean and standard deviation of the residual volume in the fifth and sixth days were (24.58±16.81) in intervention group and (108.33±15.09) in control group that according to the Independent T-test showed a significant difference (P <0.0001). Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that ginger extract reduces gastric residual volume in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in intensive care units compared with placebo. © 2013 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved

Vezana stanja elektrona i šupljine u valjkastoj kvantnoj točki

The ground-state energies of an electron and of a hole in a finite-potential quantum dot disc of GaAs are calculated. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the two particles separately, we calculated the first two excited states for each one. To study the effect of the disc dimensionality on the eigen-energies, we considered different discs with different values of radius (R) and width (L). Discussing the potential effect, we examined the eigen-value behaviour at different values of the barrier heights. The corresponding wave functions are obtained.Izračunali smo energije osnovnih stanja elektrona i šupljine u konačnom potencijalu valjkaste kvantne točke u GaAs. Rješavanjem Schrodingerove jednadžbe posebno za svaku od čestica, izračunali smo prvo i dva viša stanja za svaku česticu. Radi proučavanja učinka veličine valjka na svojstvene energije, razmatrali smo valjke različitih polumjera i duljine. Razmatrali smo utjecaj potencijala ispitivanjem ovisnosti svojstvenih vrijednosti za tri vrijednosti visine barijere. Izveli smo odgovarajuće valne funkcije

Vezana stanja elektrona i šupljine u valjkastoj kvantnoj točki

The ground-state energies of an electron and of a hole in a finite-potential quantum dot disc of GaAs are calculated. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the two particles separately, we calculated the first two excited states for each one. To study the effect of the disc dimensionality on the eigen-energies, we considered different discs with different values of radius (R) and width (L). Discussing the potential effect, we examined the eigen-value behaviour at different values of the barrier heights. The corresponding wave functions are obtained.Izračunali smo energije osnovnih stanja elektrona i šupljine u konačnom potencijalu valjkaste kvantne točke u GaAs. Rješavanjem Schrodingerove jednadžbe posebno za svaku od čestica, izračunali smo prvo i dva viša stanja za svaku česticu. Radi proučavanja učinka veličine valjka na svojstvene energije, razmatrali smo valjke različitih polumjera i duljine. Razmatrali smo utjecaj potencijala ispitivanjem ovisnosti svojstvenih vrijednosti za tri vrijednosti visine barijere. Izveli smo odgovarajuće valne funkcije

PARAMETERS EFFECTS ON CONDUCTION-CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE SANDWICHED BY FINITE THICKNESS WALLS

The effect of wall heat conduction on natural convection heat transfer in cavities has gained attention of many researchers in recent years due to its wide application areas in engineering such that building heating and cooling and thick enclosures , etc . In this work , we consider a two-dimensional numerical study of a rectangle cavity filled with an air with two vertical conductive walls of finite thickness . The enclosure is subjected to horizontal temperature gradient , the vertical boundaries are isothermal at different temperatures whereas the remaining walls are adiabatic .The theoretical study involved the numerical solution of the Navier-stokes and energy equations by using finite difference method . The stream-vorticity formulation was used in the mathematical model . The physical problem depends on five parameters : Rayleigh number (1000&lt;Ra&lt;1000000) , the Prandtl number (Pr=0.7) , the wall to fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.1&lt;=Kr&lt;=10) , solid to fluid thickness ratio (0.5&lt;=L1/L2&lt;=1.5) , the ratio of (left or right) solid thickness to the height )(D=L1/H=0.5,0.6667,0.75) and the aspect ratio (H/L= 0.5,1,1.5) . The main focus of the study is on examining the effect of conduction in the wall on the natural convection flow .The results are presented to show the effect of these parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics

Eksitonska stanja u kvantnoj točki

The exciton binding energies in finite-potential quantum dot discs of GaAs are obtained and the eigenstates and the eigenvalues of the exciton are calculated. We present the exciton binding energy for different values of the disc radius (R) and the disc half-width (L/2). The exciton-state stability for large and small sizes of the dot is discussed. We compare our results with the existing theoretical and experimental results. Our results give good estimates for the optimal quantum dot disc geometry, and represent useful data in studies of the optical properties of quantum dots in nano-scale devices.Izračunali smo energiju vezanja, svojstvena stanja i svojstvene vrijednosti eksitona u kvantnoj točki s konačnim potencijalom. Opisujemo energiju vezanja eksitona za više vrijednosti polumjera (R) i poluširine (L/2) diska. Raspravljamo stabilnost eksitona za male i veće dimenzije diska. Uspoređujemo naše rezultate s poznatim drugim teorijskim i eksperimentalnim rezultatima. Naši rezultati daju dobre ocjene za povoljnu veličinu diska kvantne točke, i predstavljaju korisne podatke za proučavanje optičkih svojstava kvantnih točaka u napravama nano veličine

Eksitonska stanja u kvantnoj točki

The exciton binding energies in finite-potential quantum dot discs of GaAs are obtained and the eigenstates and the eigenvalues of the exciton are calculated. We present the exciton binding energy for different values of the disc radius (R) and the disc half-width (L/2). The exciton-state stability for large and small sizes of the dot is discussed. We compare our results with the existing theoretical and experimental results. Our results give good estimates for the optimal quantum dot disc geometry, and represent useful data in studies of the optical properties of quantum dots in nano-scale devices.Izračunali smo energiju vezanja, svojstvena stanja i svojstvene vrijednosti eksitona u kvantnoj točki s konačnim potencijalom. Opisujemo energiju vezanja eksitona za više vrijednosti polumjera (R) i poluširine (L/2) diska. Raspravljamo stabilnost eksitona za male i veće dimenzije diska. Uspoređujemo naše rezultate s poznatim drugim teorijskim i eksperimentalnim rezultatima. Naši rezultati daju dobre ocjene za povoljnu veličinu diska kvantne točke, i predstavljaju korisne podatke za proučavanje optičkih svojstava kvantnih točaka u napravama nano veličine

Worm Epidemics in Wireless Adhoc Networks

A dramatic increase in the number of computing devices with wireless communication capability has resulted in the emergence of a new class of computer worms which specifically target such devices. The most striking feature of these worms is that they do not require Internet connectivity for their propagation but can spread directly from device to device using a short-range radio communication technology, such as WiFi or Bluetooth. In this paper, we develop a new model for epidemic spreading of these worms and investigate their spreading in wireless ad hoc networks via extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our studies show that the threshold behaviour and dynamics of worm epidemics in these networks are greatly affected by a combination of spatial and temporal correlations which characterize these networks, and are significantly different from the previously studied epidemics in the Internet

Effect of taurine supplementation on hyperhomocysteinemia and markers of oxidative stress in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High intake of dietary fructose is accused of being responsible for the development of the insulin resistance (IR) syndrome. Concern has arisen because of the realization that fructose, at elevated concentrations, can promote metabolic changes that are potentially deleterious. Among these changes is IR which manifests as a decreased biological response to normal levels of plasma insulin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) was calculated, homocysteine (Hcy), lipid concentrations and markers of oxidative stress were measured in male <it>Wistar </it>rats weighing 170-190 g. The rats were divided into four groups, kept on either control diet or high fructose diet (HFD), and simultaneously supplemented with 300 mg/kg/day taurine via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route for 35 days.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fructose-fed rats showed significantly impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin sensitivity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lower paraoxonase (PON) activity, and higher nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) concentration, when compared to rats fed on control diet. Supplementing the fructose-fed rats with taurine has ameliorated the rise in HOMA by 56%, triglycerides (TGs) by 22.5%, total cholesterol (T-Chol) by 11%, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 21.4%. Taurine also abolished any significant difference of TAC, PON activity and NOx concentration among treated and control groups. TAC positively correlated with PON in both rats fed on the HFD and those received taurine in addition to the HFD. Fructose-fed rats showed 34.7% increase in Hcy level. Taurine administration failed to prevent the observed HHcy in the current dosage and duration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that HFD could induce IR which could further result in metabolic syndrome (MS), and that taurine has a protective role against the metabolic abnormalities induced by this diet model except for HHcy.</p

Estimation of Water and Energy Saving by Rainwater Harvesting: Sulaimani City as a Case Study

Rainwater harvesting could be a possible solution to decrease the consequences of water scarcity and energy deficiency in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). This study aims to calculate the water and energy (electricity) saved by rainwater harvesting for rooftops and green areas in Sulaimani city, KR, Iraq. Various data were acquired from different formal entities in Sulaimani city. Moreover, Google Earth and ArcMap 10.4 software were used for digitizing and calculating the total rooftop and green areas. The results showed that for the used runoff coefficients (0.8 and 0.95), the harvested rainwater volumes were 2901563 and 12197131 m³ during the study period (2005 – 2006) and (2019-2020). Moreover, by comparing the study area's rainwater harvesting volume and water production, the water-saving percentage was 8.21 to 22.68%. Furthermore, the energy-saving percentage recorded was from 7.70 to 22.5% by implementing rooftop rainwater harvesting. On the other hand, using average daily rainfall data for the year (2005-2020), the total water-saving percentage and the total energy-saving rate for both runoff coefficients were very close. Water and energy-saving results were calculated using year-by-year rainfall data, taking more time and effort for its computation. Moreover, the water-saving percentage for the selected green area was not encouraging, and the results were between 0.73 and 11.15%. Additionally, the storage size for three typical buildings was calculated, and the results show the average storage size required for rainwater harvesting using daily rainfall data was 11.2 to 14.68 m³ (house), 291.42 to 422.33 m³ (school), and 10.5 to 11.41 m³ (hotel) for runoff coefficients of 0.8 and 0.95, respectively.

Efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy in nucleoside-analogue naive Iranian patients treated for chronic hepatitis B

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a new effective treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Objectives: To evaluate TDF efficacy in nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)-naive Iranian patients with CHB. Patients and Methods: The NA-naive patients received TDF for at least six months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a complete virological response (CVR) during the treatment. Multivariate Cox regression analysis determined predictive factors independently associated with the time to CVR. The secondary endpoints were biochemical and serological responses, frequency of virological breakthrough, genotypic resistance development, safety and tolerability. Results: In all, 93 patients (64.5 hepatitis B e antigen HBeAg-negative) were eligible. Of these, 70 patients completed 24 months of treatment. The cumulative CVR rates in HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive patients were 87% versus 53% at 24 months, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression model showed only HBeAg positivity at baseline and a high baseline HBV DNA level were independent factors predicting a CVR. No patient achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBeAg loss or seroconversion and no virologic breakthrough occurred. A new amino acid substitution (rtD263E) was observed to develop in 60% of patients with viremia. Conclusions: The cumulative CVR rates showed that patients with HBeAg-negative have better virologic respond than those with HBeAg-positive during the same period. The rtD263E mutation might be associated with partial resistance to TDF. © 2015, Kowsar Corp