BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF CELLULASE ISOLATED FROM DIFFFRENT BIOLOGICAL SOURCE

Bioethanol production can be produced by plant residues that are rich in lignocellulose and cellulose. Ethanol for use in alcoholic beverages, and the vast majority of ethanol for use as biofuel, is produced by fermentation, in which certain species ofyeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or bacteria (e.g., Zymomonasmobilis) metabolize sugars in oxygen-lean conditions to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this study the bioethanol production from husk extract was carried out by endosymbiotic facultative anaerobic bacteria.Out of the four of cellulase-producing bacterial strains isolated from termite gut during this study, the ES1 isolate was found to have cellulase and amylase enzyme production. This isolate was known as Bacillus cereus. The effects of different growth parameters, including pH and shaking were investigated to optimize the growth conditions of the bacterium. The maximum cellulase activity was achieved at pH of 7 and an incubation temperature of 35°C. The results showed the liberation of 2.4 g/L of reducing sugar during fermentation. This total reducing sugar produced 17.0 g/L of ethanol after 48 hours when B.cereus was used as a fermentation agent. Hence, bioethanol was successfully produced from the cellulose of rice husk residue using the cellulase enzyme from B. cereus

BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL CHROMIUM BY LIVE AND DEAD FUNGI ISOLATED FROM LEATHER TANNERY

Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is one of the most common environmental metal containment released primarily from industries such as leather tanning, metal plating, alloying, wood preservation and electroplating. Chromium (VI) is known to be highly toxic, mutagenic & carcinogenic to living organisms including mammals. Biosorption is potentially cost effective way to remove toxic heavy metals from industrial waste waters. The present study was planned to evaluate the heavy metals uptake potential of newly isolated white rot fungi from metals contaminated leather tannery sites. Two white rot fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolinifer were selected for biosorption of Cr(VI) study. Chromium resistance was tested at different concentration.. Biosorption efficiency was estimated by live and dead fungal mass. Dead immobilized white rot fungi had the effect of biosorbents dose on metal biosorption. The cost effective potential biosorbent can be developed by these two fungal species for removing chromium from industrial effluents as well. Key words: Biosorption, Chromium (VI), Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolinifer, Diphenyl carbazid

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity of Leptadaenia reticulata Silver Nanoparticles

Recently green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) from plants is an extreme rising filed in nanotechnology. We have reported a green method for synthesis of Silver Nano Particles from aqueous plant leaves extract of Leptadaenia reticulata, an endemic medicinal plant of South-Eastern Ghats. These green-synthesized nanoparticles ar made public by color modification pattern, and thus the broad peak obtained at 421 nm with UV–Vis surface plasmon resonance studies check that that the synthesized.DLS analysis, it was located that Ag nanoparticles size changed into in the range of 80-120nm. Zeta capability famous the energetically very unstable. The particles undergo aggregation to stabilize themselves. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized Silver nanoparticles on clinically separated Microorganisms were showed sensitivity against the biosynthesized nanoparticles. It indicates that Plant leaf extract of Leptadaenia reticulata is suitable for synthesizing stable silver nanoparticles which act as excellent antimicrobial agents. Keywords: Leptadaenia reticulata- Green synthesis- Silver nanoparticles -UV–Vis - FT-IR - SEM - DLS - Zeta potential analyser- Antimicrobial activity

ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF ALPINIA PURPURATA BY ALPHA AMYLASE AND ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE ASSAY METHOD

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a kind of disorders distinguished by high levels of blood glucose arising from lacks in insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. The symptoms of diabetes mellitus regard long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Therefore alternative treatments are of high interest means by using medicinal plants or phytotherapy. The present study performed to qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactive compound from the leaves of Alpinia purpurata and antimicrobial activity of Alpinia purpurata leaves by disc diffusion assay method. The antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of leaves of Alpinia purpurata were done by alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase assay method. The methanolic extract was also explored for its antioxidant activities by using free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The study revealed that the different concentration of plant extracts exhibit potent radical scavenging activity by using DPPH as substrate. The leaves of Alpinia purpurata showed significant α-amylase (74%) and α-glucosidase (78%) inhibitory activities at the concentration 100 µg/ml severally and well analyzed with standard acarbose drug. Therefore, it is recommended that the methanolic extract of leaves of Alpinia purpurata is a potential source for natural antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds and could have potential use in the management of diabetes mellitus.Key words: Alpinia purpurata leaves, Alpha amylase inhibitory activity, Alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity, Antioxidant activities, Antimicrobial activity

IN VITRO STUDY OF INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LEAVES OF AEGLE MARMELOS ON STRUVITE CRYSTAL URINARY STONES

Many people suffers urinary stone problems. Urinary stones contain calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate.. Struvite commonly known as Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate Hexahydrate (AMPH) and Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate.Struvite calculi, found in 15–20% of urinary calculi are mostly connected to urinary tract infections. They are present in women and in persons older than 50 years. Herbals presently available for the treatment of kidney stones are leaves of Aegle marmelos. With an increase in the concentration of methanol extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos. The formed crystals weight were gradually reduced . The ranges were 2.86 g to 0.43 g in struvite crystals, respectively. This research provides a multidisciplinary approach in characterizing urinary stone struvite crystals grown in vitro to help, formulate prevention or dissolution strategies in controlling calcium urinary stone growth. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the beneficial effects of leaves of Aegle marmelos at a different dose and single compound for the prevention of kidney stone formation. In the result of the study it was concluded that the test drug Aegle marmelos has shown inhibitory activity on struvite crystals growth.Key Words: Aegle marmelos, Kidney stone, Struvite crystal

REVIEW ON ENGINEERED T CELLS DIRECTED AGAINST TUMORS

Human body have T cells in the immune system which protect the body from infection by pathogens and clear mutant cells through specific recognition by T cell receptors (TCRs). In Cancer immunotherapy, these T cells boosts the antitumor efficacy of T cells by release inhibition of Immune checkpoints. It also expands the adaptive immunity by promote the adoptive transfer of T cells. These T cells are genetically equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or TCRs . It shown phenomenol effectiveness in treating some hematological malignancies. Whereas the efficacy of Engineered T cells in treating solid tomors is far from satisfactory. In this review, we are going to summarize how the genetically engineered T cells are developed and what are the recent studies now investigated for genetically engineered T cells for Tumor immunotherapy and also discuss about the strategies for improving the performance of these T cells for the fight against Tumor

L ASPARAGINASE CHARACTERIZATION AND NANO ENCAPSULATION

Halophilic bacteria are organisms which inhabit the salt-rich environment were isolated and characterized by conventional and molecular methods. Sediment samples were collected from four thoothukudi salt pan, Tamil Nadu. Totally, 4 halophilic bacteria were isolated and their colony characteristics were recorded. The results of biochemical tests are in accordance with Bacillus sp. Halobacterium salinarum , E.coli and Staphylococcus citreus were identified based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization.. In this present study, we have screened moderate Halophilic bacteria for L-asparaginase production ability and showed that intra- and extracellular L-asparaginas was produced by Halophilic bacteria. The isolate T2 identified as Halobacterium salinarum only strain found to L asparaginase producer and enzyme assay was increased 34U to 82 U followed by immobilization with alginate and chitosan mixture. The total protein was also recorded higher in immobilized cell culture. It concludes that chitosan was best natural polymer effectively entrap the cells either alone or with alginate and improve the efficiency of cells.Key words: Halobacterium salinarum, L Asparaginase, Immobilization

Effect of biofertilizer and some plant growth hormones on germination and seedling character of Sesame (Sesamum indicum (L.)

In this study, the effect of plant growth regulators (IAA and GA3 ) and living bacteria containing (Azospirillam) biofertilizer were investigated on the germination, root length and shoot length. The seeds of sesame variety TMV – 7 were treated with different concentration of gibberlic acid (1.0mgL-1, 1.5 mgL-1, 2.0 mgL-1 and 2.5 mgL-1) and indole acetic acid(1.0mgL-1, 1.5 mgL-1, 2.0 mgL-1 and 2.5 mgL-1). The biofertilizer, Azospirillam was mixed with rice Starch in a container to form slurry . Germination, root length and shoot length were evaluated. From the results, it was observed that the biofertilizer had regulatory effect on seed germination, root length and shoot length over control. In plant growth hormones treated plants, 2.0mg/l of GA3 shows maximum effect compared to IAA. It can be concluded that, the biofertilizer treatment stimulated the germination and growth by excreting phytohormones and enhancing the nutrient mobilization from the seed

Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Indole 3-Acetic Acid on Seed Germination Performance of Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Lam (Verdc)

The experiment was undertaken with an objective to investigate the effect of various concentrations of plant growth regulators, i.e., Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) on seed germination of Macrotyloma uniflorum. Seeds were soaked for 12 hours in different concentrations substances (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L) of IAA, GA3 and control set was soaked only in distilled water.  Three replicates of each treatment with fifty seeds per replicate were arranged for precise physiological analysis. Significant variation was found in all aspects after analysis of variance (ANOVA) of each mean value. After two weeks of seed soaking, it was noted that germination percentages were significantly accelerated by lower concentrations (1 and 2 mg) of used hormones. Amongst the two potential growth regulators, 2 mg/L was found most effective because it showed highest germination percentage for IAA (93%) and GA3 (88%). A great deal of information relating to seed germination practices shows that these plant growth regulators were efficient in overcoming dormancy leading to rapid seed germination. IAA was selected as best hormone in this study, which showed highest seed germination (93%).

Greening of supply chain to drive performance through logical integration of supply chain resources

Sustainability has always been a concern of humankind in one form or the other. Still, it has come into sharper focus after the promulgation of the sustainable development goals in 2015 and the disruptive forces unleashed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Supply chain management is an aspect of business operations wherein the need for sustainability has been felt more keenly. The academic and business understanding of various nuances of incorporating sustainability, particularly environmental concerns in the supply chain, is still evolving. Our study seeks to enrich the growing literature in the area by proposing to uncover a novel, logical sequence of intangible supply chain resources that can amplify the impact of green supply chain management practices (GSCMPs) on business performance. We use the dual‐theoretical lens of a resource‐based view and stakeholder theories to conceptualize the sequential mediational role of supply chain visibility, resilience, and robustness between GSCMP and performance. Analyzing data collected from 318 individuals working in the manufacturing sector in the United Kingdom, we found a positive direct association of GSCMP with performance and the serial mediational role of visibility and robustness between the two. The findings of our study are pertinent for theorists as well as managers