Preference in the harried eye of the beholder: the effect of time pressure and task motivation.

We report a study in which eye tracking data were gathered to examine the impact of time-pressure and task motivation on the flow of visual attention during choice processing from a naturalistic stimulus-based product display. We find patterns of adaptation of visual attention to time pressure in terms of acceleration, filtration, and strategy shift that have not been reported previously. In addition we find, regardless of condition, strong correlation's between visual attention to the brands in the choice set and preference for the brands. Results are discussed in terms of strategic and non-strategic information acquisition during stimulus-based choice, and implications for attention theory are offered.

Алфавітний покажчик авторів

Of key interest are the mechanisms that facilitate the transfer of routines and capabilities between organizations. Routines and capabilities do not automatically diffuse between organizations due to their tacit nature. Rather, they diffuse through mechanisms, particularly spillovers, spinoffs, labor mobility, mergers and acquisitions, and inter-organizational networks. This PhD thesis investigates how these mechanisms, in conjunction with relatedness, induce growth and structural change of local economies and plants. The key unit of interest is the composition of activities within regions and plants. To what extent are these compositions coherent as in consisting of related activities? How does the composition of activities affect the growth of activities? And how do new activities develop in certain compositions of activities and through which mechanisms? In investigating these questions, this PhD thesis starts the investigation at the regional level and gradually moves down the level of analysis, ending at the level of the economic establishment and individual worker. The following research questions are addressed: To what extent is the impact of related variety on regional employment growth conditioned by the technological intensity of the local industries concerned?; What determines the creation of knowledge transfer ties between organizations?; Compared to the benefits of co-location with firms in the same industry, to what extent do intra-industry mergers and acquisitions increase the performance of firms? And to what extent do intra-industry mergers and acquisitions foster the spatial clustering of an industry over time?; Who are the main agents of structural change in a region?; What is the impact of new influx of capabilities into plants, through the recruitment of top managers and top technicians, on plant diversification

'Respect me: respect self' - the key to improved global relationships.

This paper examines the definitions of respect in a 21st century globally inclusive environment, with a view to exploring the implications for nurturing harmonious working relationships in, and between culturally diverse economically active groups. It is based on research conducted since 2005 which explores the meanings attached to, and experience of, respect from the perspective of undergraduate students in a UK university business school, who worked together on a consulting to business module. The research methodology consisted of tracking via focus group interactions and video records of two culturally diverse groups, comprising seven students each, over a two year period, with approximately eight focus group – video sessions per group. Significantly, our findings suggest that respect is an important shared value, and one that all students acknowledge as having an impact on their behaviour, attitudes and emotions. We argue that in our case, respect develops as an awareness of difference and is based on systematically produced data of the actors’ life experience, rather than, fictions or stereotypes. We suggest that this process encourages a positive approach to respect as it facilitates a shift in behaviours, attitudes, and ‘mental models’, (the latter, as described by Senge et al 1994). The significance of respect to the development and maintenance of both an economic democracy and for transnational relations between such democracies, is therefore crucial if there is to be equal access for all, regardless of their diversity, to the benefits which should accrue to all those who participate in the wealth creation activity of their society and the global economy

Nonmonotonic Trust Management for P2P Applications

Community decisions about access control in virtual communities are non-monotonic in nature. This means that they cannot be expressed in current, monotonic trust management languages such as the family of Role Based Trust Management languages (RT). To solve this problem we propose RT-, which adds a restricted form of negation to the standard RT language, thus admitting a controlled form of non-monotonicity. The semantics of RT- is discussed and presented in terms of the well-founded semantics for Logic Programs. Finally we discuss how chain discovery can be accomplished for RT-.Comment: This paper appears in the proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Security and Trust Management (STM 2005). To appear in ENTC

Improved V II log(gfgf) Values, Hyperfine Structure Constants, and Abundance Determinations in the Photospheres of the Sun and Metal-poor Star HD 84937

New experimental absolute atomic transition probabilities are reported for 203 lines of V II. Branching fractions are measured from spectra recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer and an echelle spectrometer. The branching fractions are normalized with radiative lifetime measurements to determine the new transition probabilities. Generally good agreement is found between this work and previously reported V II transition probabilities. Use of two spectrometers, independent radiometric calibration methods, and independent data analysis routines enables a reduction in systematic uncertainties, in particular those due to optical depth errors. In addition, new hyperfine structure constants are measured for selected levels by least squares fitting line profiles in the FTS spectra. The new V II data are applied to high resolution visible and UV spectra of the Sun and metal-poor star HD 84937 to determine new, more accurate V abundances. Lines covering a range of wavelength and excitation potential are used to search for non-LTE effects. Very good agreement is found between our new solar photospheric V abundance, log {\epsilon}(V) = 3.95 from 15 V II lines, and the solar-system meteoritic value. In HD 84937, we derive [V/H] = -2.08 from 68 lines, leading to a value of [V/Fe] = 0.24.Comment: 32 pages, 7 tables (3 machine-readable), 8 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ

Radio-quiet and radio-loud pulsars: similar in Gamma-rays but different in X-rays

We present new Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of a sample of eight radio-quiet Gamma-ray pulsars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. For all eight pulsars we identify the X-ray counterpart, based on the X-ray source localization and the best position obtained from Gamma-ray pulsar timing. For PSR J2030+4415 we found evidence for an about 10 arcsec-long pulsar wind nebula. Our new results consolidate the work from Marelli et al. 2011 and confirm that, on average, the Gamma-ray--to--X-ray flux ratios (Fgamma/Fx) of radio-quiet pulsars are higher than for the radio-loud ones. Furthermore, while the Fgamma/Fx distribution features a single peak for the radio-quiet pulsars, the distribution is more dispersed for the radio-loud ones, possibly showing two peaks. We discuss possible implications of these different distributions based on current models for pulsar X-ray emission.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Reentrant behavior in the superconducting phase-dependent resistance of a disordered 2-dimensional electron gas

We have investigated the bias-voltage dependence of the phase-dependent differential resistance of a disordered T-shaped 2-dimensional electron gas coupled to two superconducting terminals. The resistance oscillations first increase upon lowering the energy. For bias voltages below the Thouless energy, the resistance oscillations are suppressed and disappear almost completely at zero bias voltage. We find a qualitative agreement with the calculated reentrant behavior of the resistance and discuss quantitative deviations.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Extreme managers, extreme workplaces: capitalism, organizations and corporate psychopaths

This paper reports on in-depth, qualitative research carried out in England in 2013 among five organizational directors and two senior managers who had worked with other senior directors or managers who were Corporate Psychopaths, as measured by a management psychopathy measure. The Corporate Psychopaths reported on in this research displayed remarkable consistency in their approach to management to the extent that they could be called “text book examples” of managerial psychopathy. They were seen as being organizational stars and as deserving of performance awards by those above them, while the Corporate Psychopaths simultaneously subjected those below them to extreme forms of behavior, including bullying, intimidation and coercion and also engaged in extreme forms of mismanagement; such as very poor levels of personnel management, directionless leadership, miss-management of resources and outright fraud