Effects of mother corm diameter and plant growth regulators on ex vitro corm propagule regeneration in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) [Efeitos do diâmetro do rebento e reguladores de crescimento de plantas na regeneração do propriótulo de córtex ex vitro em açafrão (Crocus sativus L.)] [Efectos del diámetro del cormo madre y de los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal en la regeneración ex vitro de cormos de azafrán (Crocus sativus L.)]

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), is an economically important spice, medicinal and dye plant that is vegetatively propagated through corms. Saffron corms have low multiplication efficiency under field conditions; therefore, any effort to accelerate their multiplication will be desired. The study aimed to establish a mutiplication system using small (1.10 to 1.75 cm) and large (1.75 to 2.40 cm) diametered mother saffron corms after treatment with 20 mg•L?1 BAP + 300 mg•L?1 GA3 or 20 mg•L-1 BAP for 4, 6, 8, 10 h. The best corm induction rate was noted on treatment with 20 mg•?1 BAP for 4 h pretreatment irrespective of the mother corm dimeter. Small and large mother corms had maximum multiplication rate of 80.00 and 86.67%, mean number of 6.17 and 5.55 cormlets induction per mother corm with 0.62 and 0.69 cm diameter. All of them induced variable number of roots per corm propagule. The experiment was completed in 90 days. The results show that, pretreatment of saffron corms with BAP + GA3 or BAP could serve as an appropriate technique for economic multiplication of saffron corms without compromising qualitative and quantitative characteristics of saffron. The results obtained in this study could be used to help in designing improved saffron corm production in future. © 2018, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.British Association for Psychopharmacology British Association for Psychopharmacology: GA3El azafrán (Crocus sativus L.), es una especia con gran importancia económica, medicinal y colorante (tinte) que se propaga vegetativamente por medio de cormos. Los cormos de azafrán tienen una baja eficacia de multiplicación en condiciones de campo; por lo tanto, se requiere cualquier esfuerzo para acelerar su multiplicación. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue establecer un sistema de mutiplicación usando cormos madres pequeños de azafrán (1,10 a 1,75 cm) y grandes (1,75 a 2,40 cm), después del tratamiento con 20 mg·L1 BAP + 300 mg·L-1 GA3 o 20 mg·L-¹ BAP por 4, 6, 8 y 10 h. La mayor tasa de inducción de cormos se observó en el tratamiento con 20 mg·L-¹ BAP con 4 h de pretratamiento, independientemente del diámetro del cormo madre. Los cormos madre pequeños y grandes tuvieron una tasa de multiplicación máxima de 80,00 y 86,67%, número promedio de 6,17 y 5,55 de inducción de propágulos de cormo por cormo madre con un diámetro de 0,62 y 0,69 cm. Todos indujeron diferentes números de raíces por propágulos del cormo. El experimento duró 90 días. Los resultados mostraron que el pretratamiento de cormos de azafrán con BAP + GA3 o BAP podría servir como una técnica para la multiplicación económica de cormos de azafrán sin comprometer las características cualitativas y cuantitativas del mismo. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio podrían utilizarse para ayudar en el diseño de la producción de cormos de azafrán en el futuro. Palabras clave: ex vitro, azafrán, pretratamiento, cormo, propagación, reguladores de crecimiento.El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del tratamiento BAP (6 bencilaminopurina) con y sin GA3 (ácido giberélico) para la inducción de cormos en diferentes tiempos y para acelerar la regeneración utilizando turba húmeda bajo condiciones controladas de invernadero

Breaking of seed dormancy in Iris suaveolens Boiss. et Reuter under in vitro conditions

Iris species have great economic importance for their use in ornamental and pharmaceutical industry. Flora of Turkey reports about 43 local taxons of which 16 are endemic. Iris suaveolens Boiss. et Reuter is an endemic species with high seed dormancy and has high tolerance to cold and drought. This study focused on seed dormancy break of I. suaveolens under in vitro conditions. In the first experiment, the seeds were given stratification treatment on MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP with or without NAA. The 2nd experiment reports effects of alternative combinations of cold (at 4°C, 24 h dark) – warm (16 h light photoperiod) conditions on medium containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators on agar solidified MS medium. Both experiments showed about 8.33% seed germination against 64.5% seed viability as confirmed by tetrazolium test. All germinating seeds were abnormal and very weak. In the third experiment, 10 minutes acid scarified seeds cultured at 24°C in 16 h light photo period on MS medium achieved 60.0% germination. Similar treatment under cold + dark condition was inhibitory and failed to show identical results. This underlines the importance of acid scarification, photoperiod and warm treatments of I. suaveolens seeds to break seed dormancy. All germinated seeds showed normal growth and development under field conditions

In vitro shoot regeneration from preconditioned explants of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. Gokce

The present study reports the successful shoot regeneration of preconditioned mature embryo and embryonic axis explants of chickpea cv. Gokce. Explants were preconditioned with 10 mgl benzylaminopurine (BA) for 7 days followed by culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l BA with or without 0.25 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) supplemented with 4 mg/l activated charcoal and 1 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP). Shoot regeneration was recorded on all explants. Maximum number of (14.75) shoots per explants on mature embryo were recorded on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA with 0.25 mg/l NAA. Whereas, 16.83 shoots per explants were recorded on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA. Presence of NAA in the culture medium decreased the mean shoot length of both explants compared to medium devoid of 0.25 mg/l NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-butyric acid (IBA) after 4 weeks of culture. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots for acclimatization under green house conditions.Key words: In vitro, chickpea, pulse treatment, shoot regeneration

Evaluating effects of corm circumference and storage temperatures on yield and yield components of saffron at different elevations

The study evaluated effects of corm circumference and storage temperatures on yield and yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) at two elevations (Kırkhan and Yayladağı) during 2011 and 2012 in two separate experiments. The first experiment made use of saffron corms divided into three categories based on circumference: (i) large >8 cm, (ii) medium: 6-8 cm and (iii) small: 4-6 cm. The second experiment made use of large saffron corms stored at 4 and 25°C. Each of these corms were planted using three replications at Kırıkhan (100 m a.s.l.) and Yayladağı (678 m a.s.l.) districts using split plot in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. The maximum positive effects on yield and yield components was noted due to large corms at two locations. A significant decrease in number of days to flower was noted at lower elevations (Kırıkhan) whereas cold stored corms showed improved yield and had positive effects on all plant components with induction of early flowering

Effect of changes in planting depths of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms and determining their agronomic characteristics under warm and temperate (Csa) climatic conditions of Turkish province of Hatay

The study was carried out under warm and temperate (Csa - Köpen Gegger classification) ecological conditions of Turkish province of Hatay during 2010-2011 using saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms of three different circumference by planting them at 5 and 15 cm depths. Saffron corms were divided into three categories based on circumference; large: more than 8 cm, medium: 6-8 cm and small 4-6 cm. The number of corms, number of flowers, fresh stigma yield, number of leaves, number of harvested corms and their weight were evaluated after harvest. The results showed that the number of flowers were positively affected by their circumference at both planting depths. Surface planted corms showed proportionally increased regeneration of new cormlets. The stigma yield was positively affected using different corms circumferences in the second year, but had no significant effect at different depths. Increased weight of harvested cormlets was noted on corms planted at 15 cm depth during the 2nd year. Second year planting at 15 cm depth showed markedly increased corm circumference, improved number of flowers, stigmas yield compared to the these parameters noted after first year planting with planting

Breaking of seed dormancy in iris suaveolens boiss. Et reuter under in vitro conditions

Iris species have great economic importance for their use in ornamental and pharmaceutical industry. Flora of Turkey reports about 43 local taxons of which 16 are endemic. Iris suaveolens Boiss. et Reuter is an endemic species with high seed dormancy and has high tolerance to cold and drought. This study focused on seed dormancy break of I. suaveolens under in vitro conditions. In the first experiment, the seeds were given stratification treatment on MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP with or without NAA. The 2nd experiment reports effects of alternative combinations of cold (at 4°C, 24 h dark) – warm (16 h light photoperiod) conditions on medium containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators on agar solidified MS medium. Both experiments showed about 8.33% seed germination against 64.5% seed viability as confirmed by tetrazolium test. All germinating seeds were abnormal and very weak. In the third experiment, 10 minutes acid scarified seeds cultured at 24°C in 16 h light photo period on MS medium achieved 60.0% germination. Similar treatment under cold + dark condition was inhibitory and failed to show identical results. This underlines the importance of acid scarification, photoperiod and warm treatments of I. suaveolens seeds to break seed dormancy. All germinated seeds showed normal growth and development under field conditions. © Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie.The research was funded by the and Usak University