Missing Variables in Theories of Strategic Human Resource Management: Time, Cause, and Individuals

Much progress has been made with regard to theory building and application in the field of Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) since Wright and McMahan’s (1992) critical review. While researchers have increasingly investigated the impact of HR on economic success within the Resource Based view of the firm, and have developed more middle level theories regarding the processes through which HR impacts firm performance, much work still needs to be done. This paper examines how future theorizing in SHRM should explore the concepts of time, cause, and individuals. Such consideration will drive more longitudinal research, more complex causal models, and consideration of multi-level phenomena

Forensic triage of email network narratives through visualisation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach that automates the visualisation of both quantitative data (the network) and qualitative data (the content) within emails to aid the triage of evidence during a forensics investigation. Email remains a key source of evidence during a digital investigation, and a forensics examiner may be required to triage and analyse large email data sets for evidence. Current practice utilises tools and techniques that require a manual trawl through such data, which is a time-consuming process. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies the methodology to the Enron email corpus, and in particular one key suspect, to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. Resulting visualisations of network narratives are discussed to show how network narratives may be used to triage large evidence data sets. Findings – Using the network narrative approach enables a forensics examiner to quickly identify relevant evidence within large email data sets. Within the case study presented in this paper, the results identify key witnesses, other actors of interest to the investigation and potential sources of further evidence. Practical implications – The implications are for digital forensics examiners or for security investigations that involve email data. The approach posited in this paper demonstrates the triage and visualisation of email network narratives to aid an investigation and identify potential sources of electronic evidence. Originality/value – There are a number of network visualisation applications in use. However, none of these enable the combined visualisation of quantitative and qualitative data to provide a view of what the actors are discussing and how this shapes the network in email data sets

A framework for the forensic investigation of unstructured email relationship data

Our continued reliance on email communications ensures that it remains a major source of evidence during a digital investigation. Emails comprise both structured and unstructured data. Structured data provides qualitative information to the forensics examiner and is typically viewed through existing tools. Unstructured data is more complex as it comprises information associated with social networks, such as relationships within the network, identification of key actors and power relations, and there are currently no standardised tools for its forensic analysis. Moreover, email investigations may involve many hundreds of actors and thousands of messages. This paper posits a framework for the forensic investigation of email data. In particular, it focuses on the triage and analysis of unstructured data to identify key actors and relationships within an email network. This paper demonstrates the applicability of the approach by applying relevant stages of the framework to the Enron email corpus. The paper illustrates the advantage of triaging this data to identify (and discount) actors and potential sources of further evidence. It then applies social network analysis techniques to key actors within the data set. This paper posits that visualisation of unstructured data can greatly aid the examiner in their analysis of evidence discovered during an investigation

Legal Requirements for Widespread Implementation of CO2 Sequestration in Depleted Oil Reservoirs

This comment explores the potential of carbon sequestration as a means to address global warming. The author discusses whether the Underground Injection Control Program of the Safe Drinking Water Act provides a regulatory structure for carbon sequestration, as well as other amendments to the current statutory framework to facilitate the use of carbon sequestration

How Equine Assisted Therapy Can Improve the Quality of Life for Individuals Diagnosed with Autism, Ages 2-18

Abstract As stated by the Autism Speaks incorporation, autism is the fastest-growing serious developmental disability in the United States. Current research confirms that autism now affects one in every 88 children and one in every 54 boys. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), the reasons for the increase in prevalence of autism spectrum disorders are not completely understood. Some of the increase is due to the way that children are identified, a diagnosis according to characteristics on a wide spectrum, although exactly how much is due to this factor is unknown. It is likely that reported increases are explained partly by greater awareness by doctors, teachers, and parents. As more children are being identified as having autism, these children and their families need help more than ever. There is no medical detection or cure for autism, so how can life be improved for children who are diagnosed with an incurable disease such as autism? One method that professionals and families have tried is Equine Assisted Therapy. Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) is a program that uses horses and equine assisted activities in order to achieve goals that target the individual physical, mental, and emotional needs of a child with autism. Not only does the program focus on the skills acquired in learning to ride a horse and take care of a horse, it also focuses on the development of a relationship between a horse and rider that can improve the quality of life for a child diagnosed with autism. This program uses a team approach to be successful by surrounding the child with people such as an occupational therapist, the rider’s parents, and a certified equine instructor. There are several studies included in this paper about the benefits EAT provides to a child diagnosed with autism and how EAT can improve the quality of life of the child. Other methods such as music, dance, and art therapies are currently being researched but have yet to provide conclusive evidence of success. The data presented here is valuable for families and therapists who are interested in a program that can potentially improve the areas of life and struggles that a child diagnosed with autism encounters

Fraud on the Market: The Decline of Reliance in a 10b-5 Action

Since the Supreme Court\u27s decision in Affiliated Ute Citizens v. United States, l there has been considerable variation among the circuits regarding the requirement of reliance as an element of an action under rule 10b-5 of the federal securities regulations. The differences seem to stem from a disagreement as to the underlying purposes of the securities regulations. While the regulations were established to force disclosure of material investment information and to maintain market stability, they were also designed to protect the investing public. In an attempt to reconcile these sometimes disparate purposes, one circuit has designed a theory since labeled fraud on the market. While it does not eliminate the reliance requirement of a 10b-5 action, this theory does substantially lessen the plaintiff\u27s burden of proof. The reaction to this theory has led to further differences of opinion regarding exactly what the role of reliance should be, and the extent to which reliance must be proven to make out a prima facie case of securities fraud

Reduction of Ion Heating During Magnetic Reconnection by Large-Scale Effective Potentials

The physical processes that control the partition of released magnetic energy between electrons and ions during reconnection is explored through particle-in-cell simulations and analytical techniques. We demonstrate that the development of a large-scale parallel electric field and its associated potential controls the relative heating of electrons and ions. The potential develops to restrain heated exhaust electrons and enhances their heating by confining electrons in the region where magnetic energy is released. Simultaneously the potential slows ions entering the exhaust below the Alfv\'enic speed expected from the traditional counterstreaming picture of ion heating. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of the potential and therefore the relative partition of energy between electrons and ions is not a constant but rather depends on the upstream parameters and specifically the upstream electron normalized temperature (electron beta). These findings suggest that the fraction of magnetic energy converted into the total thermal energy may be independent of upstream parameters