Perception of Nuclear Energy and Coal in France and the Netherlands

This study focuses on the perception of large scale application of nuclear energy and coal in the Netherlands and France. The application of these energy-sources and the risks and benefits are judged differently by various group in society. In Europe, France has the highest density of nuclear power plants and the Netherlands has one of the lowest. In both countries scientists and social scientists completed a questionnaire assessing the perception of the large scale application of both energy sources. Furthermore, a number of variables relating to the socio cultural and political circumstances were measured. The results indicate that the French had a higher risk perception and a more negative attitude toward nuclear power than the Dutch. But they also assess the benefits of the use of nuclear power to be higher. Explanations for these differences are discussed

Use of ring-expanded diamino- and diamidocarbene ligands in copper catalyzed azide-alkyne "click" reactions

The two-coordinate ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene copper­(I) complexes [Cu­(RE-NHC)₂]⁺ (RE-NHC = 6-Mes, 7-<i>o</i>-Tol, 7-Mes) have been prepared and shown to be effective catalysts under neat conditions for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes and azides. In contrast, the cationic diamidocarbene analogue [Cu­(6-MesDAC)₂]⁺ and the neutral species [(6-MesDAC)­CuCl]₂ and [(6-MesDAC)₂(CuCl)₃] show good activity when the catalysis is performed on water

Sensorless Speed Control of Double Star Induction Machine With Five Level DTC Exploiting Neural Network and Extended Kalman Filter

This article presents a sensorless five level DTC control based on neural networks using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) applied to Double Star Induction Machine (DSIM). The application of the DTC control brings a very interesting solution to the problems of robustness and dynamics. However, this control has some drawbacks such as the uncontrolled of the switching frequency and the strong ripple torque. To improve the performance of the system to be controlled, robust techniques have been applied, namely artificial neural networks. In order to reduce the number of sensors used, and thus the cost of installation, Extended Kalman filter is used to estimate the rotor speed. By viewing the simulation results using the MATLAB language for the control. The results of simulations obtained showed a very satisfactory behaviour of the machine