Recent extensions to the free-vortex-sheet theory for expanded convergence capability

A new version of the free vortex sheet formulation is presented which has greatly improved convergence characteristics for a broad range of geometries. The enhanced convergence properties were achieved largely with extended modeling capabilities of the leading edge vortex and the near field trailing wake. Results from the new code, designated FVS-1, are presented for a variety of configurations and flow conditions with emphasis on vortex flap applications

The journey and destination need to be intentional: Perceptions of success in community-academic research partnerships

Research partnerships between community members and academics are dynamic microsystems that aim to increase community wellbeing within complex environments. Efforts to improve health and social outcomes in communities are challenging in their own right, but even the most experienced researchers or engaged community members can have difficulty navigating the collaborative terrain of community-academic research partnerships. Proponents of participatory research models that engage community members as co-researchers are still examining how the collaborative process interacts with, and impacts, both short- and long-term outcomes. As a result, there has been a call for additional studies that employ qualitative and quantitative methods to contribute to a holistic understanding of this approach to research. This pilot study utilized the participatory tenets of co-researcher models to explore how members of community-academic research partnerships think about partnership processes and outcomes, including how they delineate between the two. Web-based concept mapping methodology was combined with individual interviews in an innovative mixed methods research study to further the field’s understanding of how community and academic members define partnership success and evaluate the impact of their work. Our findings suggest that in the early stages of a partnership members rely on informal and intuitive evaluation of success based on how the partnership is functioning. These partnership processes, which serve as intermediate outcomes, largely influence member engagement in the work, but partnerships are ultimately deemed successful if intended community-based research outcomes are achieved.Keywords: community-academic research partnerships, participatory research, concept mapping methodology, mixed methods, partnership process, outcomes  

Constituent Loads and Trends in the Upper Illinois River Watershed: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watershed

The Arkansas Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Division (ANRD) has identified the Upper Illinois River Watershed (UIRW; 11110103), a hydrologic unit code (HUC) 8 watershed, located in Northwest Arkansas for prioritization by the Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program. URIW encompasses the Illinois River from its headwaters to the state line with Oklahoma and has been the subject of interstate disputes over water quality for decades. Nonpoint source pollution concerns in UIRW are excess nutrients from agriculture and sediment from changes in land use/land cover (LULC). Local, state, and national groups, including the NPS Source Management Program, have invested in education, best management practices, and streambank restoration in the UIRW. This watershed is also subject to regulation on the application of poultry litter as fertilizer and permitted limits on phosphorus discharge from point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Longterm water-quality monitoring data are necessary to identify whether these interventions are influencing water quality. The lag time before water-quality response can be considerable. Robust data are also needed to guide where additional resources should be targeted, or to identify potential emerging water quality concerns

Constituent Loads and Trends in the Upper White River Basin: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watersheds

The Arkansas Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Division (ANRD) has identified the Upper White River Basin (UWRB; HUC 11010001) a hydrologic unit code (HUC) 8 watersheds, located in Northwest Arkansas, for prioritization by the Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program. UWRB includes Beaver Lake in its borders, the drinking water source for 1 in 6 Arkansans. Nonpoint source pollution concerns in these watersheds are excess nutrients from agriculture and sediment from changes in land use/land cover (LULC). Local, state, and national groups, including the NPS Source Management Program, have invested in education, best management practices, and streambank restoration in the UWRB. This watershed is also subject to regulation on the application of poultry litter as fertilizer and permitted limits on phosphorus discharge from point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Longterm water-quality monitoring data is necessary to identify whether these interventions are influencing water quality. The lag time before water-quality response can be considerable. Robust data are also needed to guide where additional resources should be targeted, or to identify potential emerging water quality concerns

Constituent Loads and Trends in the Upper Illinois River Watershed: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watershed

The Arkansas Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Division (ANRD) has identified the Upper Illinois River Watershed (UIRW; 11110103), a hydrologic unit code (HUC) 8 watershed, located in Northwest Arkansas for prioritization by the Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program. URIW encompasses the Illinois River from its headwaters to the state line with Oklahoma and has been the subject of interstate disputes over water quality for decades. Nonpoint source pollution concerns in UIRW are excess nutrients from agriculture and sediment from changes in land use/land cover (LULC). Local, state, and national groups, including the NPS Source Management Program, have invested in education, best management practices, and streambank restoration in the UIRW. This watershed is also subject to regulation on the application of poultry litter as fertilizer and permitted limits on phosphorus discharge from point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Longterm water-quality monitoring data are necessary to identify whether these interventions are influencing water quality. The lag time before water-quality response can be considerable. Robust data are also needed to guide where additional resources should be targeted, or to identify potential emerging water quality concerns

Constituent Loads and Trends in the Upper White River Basin: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watersheds

The Arkansas Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Division (ANRD) has identified the Upper White River Basin (UWRB; HUC 11010001) a hydrologic unit code (HUC) 8 watersheds, located in Northwest Arkansas, for prioritization by the Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program. UWRB includes Beaver Lake in its borders, the drinking water source for 1 in 6 Arkansans. Nonpoint source pollution concerns in these watersheds are excess nutrients from agriculture and sediment from changes in land use/land cover (LULC). Local, state, and national groups, including the NPS Source Management Program, have invested in education, best management practices, and streambank restoration in the UWRB. This watershed is also subject to regulation on the application of poultry litter as fertilizer and permitted limits on phosphorus discharge from point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Longterm water-quality monitoring data is necessary to identify whether these interventions are influencing water quality. The lag time before water-quality response can be considerable. Robust data are also needed to guide where additional resources should be targeted, or to identify potential emerging water quality concerns

Messengers: A Content Analyses of the Billboard Rap Charts Number One Songs from 2000 to 2017

Rap music, which originated under hip hop, has become one of the most popular genres of music in the United States. From the beginnings of hip hop, the hip hop generation was named, and a movement started. There has been much research on both hip hop and rap music and the messages that this radical genre of music produced. While content analyses have been done in the past, it is necessary to continue to analyze this music, as it is incredibly prevalent and impactful in the United States. These analyses are important in terms of examining commercial success, mainstream accessibility, and the messages and themes that are present in one of the most popular genres of music. This thesis examines the content of the rap songs that reached number one on the Billboard rap chart, from the years 2000 to 2017, providing both a historical and contemporary view of this music that has reached the pinnacle of success among the genre of rap music since the turn of the century. The findings document demographics of the artists and themes that are present in the most popular rap songs; indicating consistency in messages across the sample, with popular rap songs having many references to deviant behavior, explicit word use, and negative references to women, while lacking in socially conscious themes and pro-women themes. However, rap songs have also provided some powerfully consciousness-raising about important social issues. Overall, the themes that “plague” rap music are present in the most popular rap songs, and this has been consistent with time in the United States

Charge distribution uncertainty in differential mobility analysis of aerosols

The inference of particle size distributions from differential mobility analyzer (DMA) data requires knowledge of the charge distribution on the particles being measured. The charge distribution produced by a bipolar aerosol charger depends on the properties of the ions produced in the charger, and on the kinetics of charge transfer from molecular ions or ion clusters to the particles. A single parameterization of a theoretically predicted charge distribution is employed in most DMA analyses regardless of the atmospheric conditions being probed. Deviations of the actual charge distribution from that assumed in the data analysis will bias the estimated particle size distribution. We examine these potential biases by modeling measurements and data inversion using charge distributions calculated for a range of atmospheric conditions. Moreover, simulations were performed using the ion-to-particle flux coefficients predicted for a range of properties of both the particles and ions. To probe the biases over the full range of particle sizes, the measurements were simulated through an atmospheric new particle formation event. The differences between the actual charge distribution and that according to the commonly used parametrization resulted in biases as large as a factor of 5 for nucleation-mode particles, and up to 80% for larger particles. Incorrect estimates of the relative permittivity of the particles or not accounting for the temperature and pressure effects for measurements at 10 km altitude produced biases in excess of 50%; three-fold biases result from erroneous estimates of the ion mobility distribution. We further report on the effects of the relative permittivity of the ions, the relative concentrations of negative and positive ions, and truncation of the number of charge states considered in the inversion

The Borrego Mountain, California, earthquake of 9 April 1968: A preliminary report

The largest earthquake to hit California in more than 15 years occurred at 02:28:58.9 GCT on 9 April 1968 near Borrego Mountain, on the western edge of the Imperial Valley. The Seismological Laboratory at Pasadena has tentatively assigned the shock a magnitude of 6.5, an epicentral location of 33 ° 08.8' N, 116 ° 07.5' W, and a focal depth of 20 km. The earthquake was felt throughout most of southern California and adjacent areas, but the absence of severe damage and casualties was in large part due to the relatively undeveloped nature of the epicentral region. Indeed, it would have been difficult to pick a location in the southernmost part of the State more remote from centers of population

Gestational Age at Birth and Risk of Developmental Delay: The Upstate KIDS Study

Objective—To model the association between gestational age at birth and early child development through 3 years of age. Study Design—Development of 5868 children in Upstate KIDS (New York State; 2008–2014) was assessed at 7 time-points using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). The ASQ was implemented using gestational age corrected dates of birth at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. Whether children were eligible for developmental services from the Early Intervention Program (EIP) was determined through linkage. Gestational age was based on vital records. Statistical models adjusted for covariates including sociodemographic factors, maternal smoking and plurality. Results——Compared to gestational age of 39 weeks, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals of failing the ASQ for children delivered at \u3c 32, 32–34, 35–36, 37, 38, and 40 weeks gestational age were: 5.32 (3.42, 8.28), 2.43 (1.60, 3.69), 1.38 (1.00, 1.90), 1.37 (0.98, 1.90), 1.29 (0.99, 1.67), 0.73 (0.55, 0.96), and 0.51 (0.32, 0.82). Similar risks of being eligible for EIP services were observed (aOR: 4.19, 2.10, 1.29, 1.20, 1.01, 1.00 (ref), 0.92, 0.78, respectively for \u3c 32, 32–34, 37, 38, 39 (ref), 40, 41 weeks). Conclusion—Gestational age was inversely associated with developmental delays for all gestational ages. Evidence from our study is potentially informative for low-risk deliveries at 39 weeks but it is notable that deliveries at 40 weeks exhibited further lower risk