2,267 research outputs found
The responses of people to virtual humans in an immersive virtual environment
This paper presents an experiment investigating the impact of behavior and responsiveness
on social responses to virtual humans in an immersive virtual environment
(IVE). A number of responses are investigated, including presence, copresence, and
two physiological responses—heart rate and electrodermal activity (EDA). Our
findings suggest that increasing agents’ responsiveness even on a simple level can
have a significant impact on certain aspects of people’s social responses to humanoid
agents.
Despite being aware that the agents were computer-generated, participants with
higher levels of social anxiety were significantly more likely to avoid “disturbing”
them. This suggests that on some level people can respond to virtual humans as
social actors even in the absence of complex interaction.
Responses appear to be shaped both by the agents’ behaviors and by people’s expectations
of the technology. Participants experienced a significantly higher sense of
personal contact when the agents were visually responsive to them, as opposed to
static or simply moving. However, this effect diminished with experienced computer
users. Our preliminary analysis of objective heart-rate data reveals an identical pattern
of responses
Extraocular muscle sampled volume in Graves' orbitopathy using 3-T fast spin-echo MRI with iterative decomposition of water and fat sequences
Abstract
Background: Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for measuring extraocular muscle (EOM) volume
enlargement are not ideally suited for routine follow-up of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) because the difficulty of
segmenting the muscles at the tendon insertion complicates and lengthens the study protocol.
Purpose: To measure the EOM sampled volume (SV) and assess its correlation with proptosis.
Material and Methods: A total of 37 patients with newly diagnosed GO underwent 3-T MRI scanning with iterative
decomposition of water and fat (IDEAL) sequences with and without contrast enhancement. In each patient, the three
largest contiguous coronal cross-sectional areas (CSA) on the EOM slices were segmented using a polygon selection tool
and then summed to compute the EOM-SV. Proptosis was evaluated with the Hertel index (HI). The relationships
between the HI value and EOM-SV and between HI and EOM-CSA were compared and assessed with Pearson’s correlation
coefficient and the univariate regression coefficient. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability were
calculated.
Results: HI showed a stronger correlation with EOM-SV (P<0.001; r¼0.712, r2¼0.507) than with EOM-CSA
(P<0.001; r¼0.645 and r2¼0.329). The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated that the inter-observer agreement
was high (0.998). The standard deviation between repeated measurements was 1.9–5.3%.
Conclusion: IDEAL sequences allow for the measurement EOM-SV both on non-contrast and contrast-enhanced scans.
EOM-SV predicts proptosis more accurately than does EOM-CSA. The measurement of EOM-SV is practical and
reproducible. EOM-SV changes of 3.5–8.3% can be assumed to reflect true volume changes
May a standard VOF numerical simulation adequately complete spillway laboratory measurements in an operational context? The case of Sa Stria Dam
The present work aims to assess whether a standard numerical simulation (RANS-VOF
model with k e closure) can adequately model experimental measurements obtained in a dam
physical model. The investigation is carried out on the Sa Stria Dam, a roller compacted concrete
gravity dam currently under construction in Southern Sardinia (Italy). The original project, for which
a physical model was simulated, included a downstream secondary dam. However, due to both
economic and technical reasons, the secondary dam may not be built. Hence, it is important to
assess the flood discharge routing and energy dissipation in the modified plan. Numerical validation
is performed adopting the same laboratory configuration, in presence of the downstream dam,
and results show a good agreement with mean experimental variables (i.e., pressure, water level).
An alternative configuration without the downstream dam is here numerically tested to understand
the conditions of flood discharge and assess whether its results can give relevant information for
the design of mitigation measures. The topic is of interest also from a more general perspective.
Indeed, the feasibility to integrate numerical models with existing laboratory measurements can
be very useful not only for new constructions but also for existing dams, which may need either
maintenance or upgrading works, such as in case of flood discharge increment
Alternating strain regimes for failure propagation in flexural systems
We consider both analytical and numerical studies of a steady-state fracture process inside a discrete mass-beam structure, composed of periodically placed masses connected by Euler-Bernoulli beams. A fault inside the structure is assumed to propagate with a constant speed and this occurs as a result of the action of a remote sinusoidal, mechanical load. The established regime of fracture corresponds to the case of an alternating generalised strain regime. The model is reduced to a Wiener-Hopf equation and its solution is presented. We determine the minimum feeding wave energy required for the steady-state fracture process to occur. In addition, we identify the dynamic features of the structure during the steady-state fracture regime. A transient analysis of this problem is also presented, where the existence of steady-state fracture regimes, revealed by the analytical model, are verified and the associated transient features of this process are discussed
A gyro-elastic device for cloaking of elastic waves in micro-structured materials
The design of a structured gyro-elastic system capable of being used as a cloaking device for a discrete medium is discussed. The efficiency of the gyro-elastic cloak, composed of springs connecting periodically placed masses, attached to gyroscopic spinners, is examined in the transient regime. An important effect encountered shows that the speed of the reconstructed field can be altered by tuning the gyroscopes
Error analysis for local coarsening in univariate spline spaces
In this article we analyze the error produced by the removal of an arbitrary
knot from a spline function. When a knot has multiplicity greater than one,
this implies a reduction of its multiplicity by one unit. In particular, we
deduce a very simple formula to compute the error in terms of some neighboring
knots and a few control points of the considered spline. Furthermore, we show
precisely how this error is related to the jump of a derivative of the spline
at the knot. We then use the developed theory to propose efficient and very
low-cost local error indicators and adaptive coarsening algorithms. Finally, we
present some numerical experiments to illustrate their performance and show
some applications
Diagnosis of Lingual Atrophic Conditions: Associations with Local and Systemic Factors. A Descriptive Review
Abstract: Atrophic glossitis is a condition characterised by absence of filiform or fungiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the
tongue. Consequently, the ordinary texture and appearance of the dorsal tongue, determined by papillary protrusion, turns into a soft
and smooth aspect.
Throughout the years, many factors, both local and systemic, have been associated with atrophic glossitis as the tongue is currently
considered to be a mirror of general health. Moreover, various tongue conditions were wrongly diagnosed as atrophic glossitis. Oral
involvement can conceal underlying systemic conditions and, in this perspective, the role of clinicians is fundamental.
Early recognition of oral signs and symptoms, through a careful examination of oral anatomical structures, plays a crucial role in
providing patients with a better prognosis
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