Centralized Control System for Cement Plant

Centralised Control System for Cement Plant is a control system with multiple Siemens PLC CPUs, each CPU has its own control station called Field Control Station (FCS). There are 3 FCS altogether communicating each other and sharing data through Ethernet communication system as defined in its sharing Data Block (DB). Each FCS has multiple I/O cards (Digital Input, Digital Output, Analog Input, Analog Output) and CPU. Cement plant has different manufacturing stages, first one is Limestone Crusher which is getting controlled by FCS named FCS01, second is Raw Mill Grinding (RMG) for grinding limestone with different impurities and its using FCS02. Third stage 5 is Kiln system for burning the grinded feed to make the Clinker (Cement) and its using FCS03. Each FCS is at some meter distance from each other. All the FCS are communicating through Ethernet and fibre optics communication. It can share any data up to 400 bytes at a time. In this project I am sharing 20 bytes to demonstrate the communication. Some of the data are binary control signal and some of them are analogue parameters, PLCs will take decision depends on the data they receive from other PLC. Due to unavailability of physical PLC, I am simulating my project on Siemens simulator, here I have used Siemens PLC CPU S7 -400 CPUs with each FCS and each FCS has 32 input DI card, 32 output DO card and different AI/AO card with respect to the requirement. I have used Simatic Step7 to program the multiple PLCs and using WinCC to design mimic on the screen. I have made one screen with multiple tabs to access particular FCS data. Operator who is sitting in Common Control Room (CCR) can see all the data (Analog, Digital) in the CCR. Each Motor circuit has multiple parameters and control signals that operator can see in CCR and can give start/stop command to any motor from the mimic in the CCR. These control signals come from the electrical cabinets to the PLC and I have designed the PLC in a way that if all control signals fulfil its condition then PLC with accept operator command or else PLC will notify operator about any particular signal missing or not available. After taking command, if any control signal malfunctioned then PLC will trip the motor and will generate an alarm to notify operator why it happened. This control system is also logging all the analogue parameters for nearly up to 3 months and if operator wanted to see any analogue parameters activity can see by going into the trend window and there, operator needs to put the particular date and time to see the graphical representation. This system also logs all the alarms for up to 1000 alarms and if operator want then he can go in alarm list and see how many times alarm occurred and even he can search any particular alarm in the list with alarm number

PEMANFAATAN MUSEUM TSUNAMI ACEH SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN GEOGRAFI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MATERI KEBENCANAAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK :PenelitianKuasiEksperimen di SMAN 4 DKI Jakarta Banda Aceh

Museum Tsunami Aceh (MTA) merupakan situs penting yang dibangun dengan tujuansebagaimemorian, evakuasi, rekreasi dan edukasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemanfaatkan MTA sebagai sumber belajar geografi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kebencanaan pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa X SMAN 4 DKI Jakarta Banda Aceh, sampel penelitian siswa kelas X IS 2 dan siswa kelas X IS 3 dengan total 57 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, lembar kerja siswa dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, homogenitas, Uji Paired Sampel T-Test dan Uji Independent Sampels T-Test dengan bantuan SPSS 20,0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) terdapat peningkatan pemahaman kebencanaan pada peserta didik antara sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran geografi pada kelas Eksperimen yang memanfaatkan Museum Tsunami Aceh (MTA) melalui metode outdoor study. 2) terdapat peningkatan pemahaman kebencanaan pada peserta didik antara sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran pada kelas kontrol yang memanfaatkan Museum Tsunami Aceh (MTA) sebagai sumber belajar melalui media film, 3) terdapat perbedaan pemahaman kebencanaan pada peserta didik setelah kegiatan pembelajaran antara kelas yang menggunakan metode outdoor study dengan kelas yang menggunakan media audio visual dalam memanfaatkan MTA sebagai sumber belajar, dimana kelas yang menggunakan metode outdoor study lebih unggul dibandingkan kelas media audio visual, saran dianjurkan kepada guru untuk dapat menggunakan MTA dalam pembelajaran geografi pada tema mitigasi dan adaptasi bencana;--- Aceh Tsunami Museum (ATM) is important site which was build with aim as memoriam, evacuation, recreation and education. This study is aimed to analyze the influence of ATM utilization as geography learning source to enhance students’ understanding of disaster. This study use quantitative approach with experiment method. Population in this study are students of class X SMAN 4 DKI Jakarta Banda Aceh, with sample of study are students of class X IS 2 and students of class X IS 3 with total of 57 students. Data collection technique use test, students’ work sheet and questionnaire. Data analysis technique use normality test, homogeneity, Paired Sample T-Test and Independent Sample T-Test with aid of SPSS 20.0. The result of study showed that 1) there is enhancement of students’ understanding of disaster between before and after geography learning in experiment class who utilize Aceh Tsunami Museum (ATM) through outdoor study method. 2) there is enhancement of students’ disaster understanding between before and after learning in control class who utilize Aceh Tsunami Museum (ATM) as learning source through film media, 3) there is difference of students’ understanding of disaster after learning activity between class who use outdoor study method and class who use audio visual media in utilizing ATM as learning source, in which class who use outdoor study method is more outstanding compared to class who use audio visual media, 4) students agree that facilities in ATM are used in geography learning

RESISTENSI ESCHERICHIA COLI YANG DIISOLASI DARI TELUR AYAM DI BEBERAPA WARUNG KOPI KAWASAN DARUSSALAM KECAMATAN SYIAH KUALA, BANDA ACEH TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK

RESISTENSI Escherichia coli YANG DIISOLASI DARI TELUR AYAM DI BEBERAPA WARUNG KOPI KAWASAN DARUSSALAM KECAMATAN SYIAH KUALA, BANDA ACEH TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui resistensi beberapa jenis antibiotik terhadap Escherichia coli yang diisolasi dari telur ayam dari beberapa warung kopi kawasan Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Metode deteksi E.coli mengacu pada Bacteriological Analytic Manual (BAM) dan pengujian kepekaan E.coli terhadap antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram. Penelitian ini menggunakan 21 telur ayam yang dari tujuh warung kopi. Antibiotik yang digunakan yaitu ampisilin, gentamisin, streptomisin, siprofloksasin, eritromisin, sulfametoksasol dan tetrasiklin. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ampisilin, eritromisin dan sulfametoksasol yang resisten terhadap 12 koloni E.coli, tetrasiklin dan streptomisin resisten terhadap 11 koloni E.coli, dan gentamisin resisten terhadap 2 koloni E.coli. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan E. coli yang diisolasi dari telur ayam yang dijual di warung kopi kawasan Darussalam Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh menunjukkan tingkat resistensi yang sangat tinggi yaitu ampisilin 100%, eritromisin 100%, tetrasiklin 92%, streptomisin 92% dan sulfametoksasol 100%) dan tidak resisten terhadap antibiotik jenis siprofloksasin dan gentamisin

Enhancing Physical Layer Security in AF Relay Assisted Multi-Carrier Wireless Transmission

In this paper, we study the physical layer security (PLS) problem in the dual hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication system. First, we consider a single user single relay system and study a joint power optimization problem at the source and relay subject to individual power constraint at the two nodes. The aim is to maximize the end to end secrecy rate with optimal power allocation over different sub-carriers. Later, we consider a more general multi-user multi-relay scenario. Under high SNR approximation for end to end secrecy rate, an optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize power allocation at the BS, the relay selection, sub-carrier assignment to users and the power loading at each of the relaying node. The target is to maximize the overall security of the system subject to independent power budget limits at each transmitting node and the OFDMA based exclusive sub-carrier allocation constraints. A joint optimization solution is obtained through duality theory. Dual decomposition allows to exploit convex optimization techniques to find the power loading at the source and relay nodes. Further, an optimization for power loading at relaying nodes along with relay selection and sub carrier assignment for the fixed power allocation at the BS is also studied. Lastly, a sub-optimal scheme that explores joint power allocation at all transmitting nodes for the fixed subcarrier allocation and relay assignment is investigated. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed schemes.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (ETT), formerly known as European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT