Isolation and genetic characterization of metallo-β-lactamase and carbapenamase producing strains of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients at Tehran hospitals

International audienceBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Carbapenems are therapeutic choice against infections caused by gram-negative bacilli including strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Resistance to these antibiotics is mediated by efflux pumps, porins, PBPs and ß-lactamases. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of existence of MBLs, OXAs and GES-1 betalactamase genes among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter collected from Tehran hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and three Acinetobacter isolates were collected from patient at Tehran hospitals. The isolates were identified using biochemical tests. The susceptibility to different antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion method and MICs of imipenem were determined using Micro broth dilution method (CLSI). PCR was performed for detection of bla(VIM-2), bla(SPM-1), bla(IMP-2), bla(GES-1), bla(OXA-51), bla(OXA-23) betalactamase genes. Clonal relatedness was estimated by PFGE with the restriction enzyme SmaI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of 100 isolates of imipenem resistant Acinetobacter spp. collected from Tehran hospitals in 2009 and 2010, 6 isolates produced metallo-beta-lactamases and 94 isolates produced OXA-type carbapenemase. The bla(SPM-1), bla(GES-1), bla(OXA-51), bla(OXA-23) genes were detected by PCR among 6, 2, 94 and 84 isolates of A. baumannii, respectively. The MICs of isolates to imipenem were 8-128 µg/mL. PFGE analysis of 29 bla(OXA-51) and bla(OXA-23)-positive A. baumannii isolates gave 6 different patterns. This is the first report of SPM-1 and GES-1 beta-lactamase producing A. baumannii. Production of the OXA-23, OXA-51, GES-1 and SPM-1 enzyme presents an emerging threat of carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii in Iran

Cis-Dioxido-molybdenum(VI) complexes of tridentate ONO hydrazone Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystal structure, DFT calculation and catalytic activity

Two new cis-MoO₂ [MoO₂(L)(EtOH)] (1), [MoO₂(L) (Py)] (2) [L: (3-methoxy-2oxidobenzylidene)benzohydrazidato], complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, FT-IR, molar conductivity, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and electronic spectra. The structure of complexes has been accomplished by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All experimental results confirmed that both complexes have an octahedral geometry around the Mo(VI) central atom, which is coordinated by the donor atoms of the dianionic hydrazone ligand, two oxido groups and oxygen/nitrogen atoms of solvent molecules. Computational studies were also performed using DFT calculations at B3LYP/DGDZVP level of theory. Furthermore, their catalytic activities were investigated on the electrophilic reaction of indole with aldehydes in molten tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) to obtain bis(indolyl)methane derivatives

Effect of educational intervention based on Self-Efficacy theory (SET) on behavior of prevention of HIV/ AIDS in high risk women

Introduction: Today, Epidemic of HIV / AIDS is one of the most important health, social, economic problems of human and one of the biggest problems and concerns in many countries of the world that its scope and size is still increasing. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of educational intervention based on SET on behaviors of prevention of HIV/ AIDS in high risk and vulnerable women in the city of Neka. Methods: This Quasi- experimental (case-control) study was performed on 70 high risk and vulnerable women referred to Drop-In Centers (DIC) in Sari and Neka. Data was gathered using a researcher-made along with completing questionnaire. According to the results obtained from primary completing of the questionnaire, educational intervention was designed based on the SET and was performed in intervention group. After 3 months of intervention, data of both groups was collected and analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, independent t, and paired t tests. PResults: After educational intervention, use of condom was increased at intervention group (45,7) compared to control group (5,7). The difference between before and after of self- efficacy was significant in intervention group (9.83±0.05) and control group (1.50±2.67) and performance in the intervention group with median and interquartile range of 2.0 (3.0) and control group 0.0 (0.0). In intervention group, there was a significant relation between increase of self-efficacy and increase in performance (P<0,001). Conclusion: Behaviors of prevention of AIDS and self-efficacy is insufficient in the studied women and educational intervention based on the SET can be effective on promotion of self-efficacy and use of condom to prevent from AIDS in these women. © 2015, Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. All rights reserved

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Costs of Patients With a Diagnosis of Or Suspected of Coronavirus Disease in Iran

Objectives: To understand the social and individual effects of the disease and make decisions on the allocation of health resources, it is necessary to understand the economic burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, there are limited data in this field. This study aimed to estimate diagnostic and therapeutic costs of patients with a diagnosis of or suspected of COVID-19 disease admitted to hospitals in northeast Iran. Methods: This descriptive and analytical research was conducted as a retrospective study using the data collected from 2980 patients admitted to 30 hospitals from February to April 2020 in Iran. For data collection, an appropriate data capture tool was designed to record detailed resource use. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the treatment costs and sociodemographic, disease severity, and underlying diseases. Data were analyzed using Excel 2017 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and SPSS version 21 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: The inpatient costs per patient were Int$416, of which 74% were paid by social health insurance systems, 19% by the government, and 7% by the patients. The largest cost components were hoteling (37%) and medicine (36%). The 4 subscales of age, sex, underlying disease, and severity predicted 48.6% of the cost variance. Conclusion: Understanding the economic consequences of diseases can help policymakers to make plans to reduce out-of-pocket payments and make plans for funding. Since COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease and there is no definitive cure for the disease, the discovery of an effective medicine may alter medical costs and reduce the hospital length of stay, therefore significantly reducing treatment costs

Synthesis, X-ray structure and DFT calculation of oxido-vanadium(V) complex with a tridentate Schiff base ligand

Reaction of 4-bromo-2-(((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) imino)methyl)phenol (H₂L) with VOSO₄·XH₂O generates the oxido-vanadium(V) complex [VOL(OCH₃)(OHCH₃)], that characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis, and elemental analysis. The complex was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. A DFT calculation was carried out on the complex using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental data is good. NBO data shows that the donation from donor atoms to the metal center is greater than back bonding

A new mixed-ligand copper(II) complex of (E)-N′-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) acetohydrazide: Synthesis, characterization, NLO behavior, DFT calculation and biological activities

A tridentate hydrazone Schiff base ligand, (E)-N′-(2- hydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide [HL], and its mixed-ligand Cu(II) complex [CuL(phen)], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, molar conductivity, UV–Vis spectroscopy. The structure of the complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction. This complex has square pyramidal geometry and the positions around central atom are occupied with donor atoms of Schiff base ligand and two nitrogens of 1,10-phenanthroline. Computational studies of compounds were performed by using DFT calculations. The linear polarizabilities and first hyperpolarizabilities of the studied molecules indicate that these compounds can be good candidates of nonlinear optical materials. It is in accordance with experimental data. In addition, invitro antimicrobial results show that these compounds specially [CuL(phen)] have great potential of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes bacteria and antifungal activity against Candida Albicans in comparison to some standard drugs