Quantitative estimators of structure in chosen stands of common oak and hornbeam (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris Anić 1959 / em. Rauš 1969)

Gospodarenje šumom podrazumijeva zahvate koji utječu na prostornu strukturu, odnosno raspored stabala, kao i na raznolikost vrsta unutar sastojine. Bioraznolikost i prostorna struktura opisuje se najčešće kvalitativno opisima ili kvantitativno indeksima bioraznolikosti i prostorne strukture razvijenim u tu svrhu. Cilj ovog rada je na pokusnim plohama u sastojinama hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris, Anić 1959 / emend. Rauš 1969.) analizirati strukturu pomoću BWINPro programa za analizu i prognozu rasta šumskih sastojina. Kvantitativni elementi strukture opisani su indeksima raznolikosti vrsta (bogatstva vrsta, Shannonov i standardizirani Shannonov) i njihove prostorne strukture (Clark & Evansov indeks agregacije, Pielou indeks segregacije vrsta).Forest management implies activities that affect spatial structure and distribution of trees as well as the diversity of forest tree species within the stand. Biodiversity and spatial structure are commonly described with qualitative descriptions or quantitatively indexes (estimators) of biodiversity or spatial structure developed for this purpose. Aim of this work is to quantitatively analyse species and spatial structures on plots in mixed stands of Common oak and Hornbeam using BWINPro program for analysis and prognosis of forest stands. Elements of structure were quantified with indexes of species composition (species diversity, Shannon index, Evenness) and of spatial distributions (Clark & Evans index of aggregation, Pielou index of segregation)

Spatial patterns and drivers of fire occurrence in a Mediterranean environment: a case study of southern Croatia.

Wildfires are an important factor of landscape dynamics in fire-prone environments of the world. In the Mediterranean, one of the most fire-susceptible environments globally, between 45,000 and 50,000 wildfires are recorded every year, causing disturbances in forest and grassland ecosystems. As a Mediterranean country, Croatia faces these problems, averaging over 1000 registered wildfires annually, with the coastal areas dominated by forest fires and continental Croatia by fires on agricultural lands. This research combines various landscape and socio-economic factors in the analysis of fire occurrence in Croatia’s southernmost region of Dalmatia. Around 275 of the largest fires (encompassing 98% of the total burnt area) registered in 2013 were investigated using OLS, and different spatial indices were employed to analyse regional variability in fire distribution. The results revealed that areas more prone to fires are the northern inland areas of Dalmatia and its entire coastal zone. Altitude and vegetation type demonstrated a correlation with fire occurrence, but an increase in population in the study area was also correlated with wildfire occurrence. Regarding vegetation, the grasslands and Mediterranean shrubland (maquis) were found to be the most fire-prone vegetation types in the study region, the distribution of which can be linked to different socio-economic and demographic processes occurring in the Eastern Adriatic

Quantitative estimators of structure in chosen stands of common oak and hornbeam (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris Anić 1959 / em. Rauš 1969)

Gospodarenje šumom podrazumijeva zahvate koji utječu na prostornu strukturu, odnosno raspored stabala, kao i na raznolikost vrsta unutar sastojine. Bioraznolikost i prostorna struktura opisuje se najčešće kvalitativno opisima ili kvantitativno indeksima bioraznolikosti i prostorne strukture razvijenim u tu svrhu. Cilj ovog rada je na pokusnim plohama u sastojinama hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba (Carpino betuli – Quercetum roboris, Anić 1959 / emend. Rauš 1969.) analizirati strukturu pomoću BWINPro programa za analizu i prognozu rasta šumskih sastojina. Kvantitativni elementi strukture opisani su indeksima raznolikosti vrsta (bogatstva vrsta, Shannonov i standardizirani Shannonov) i njihove prostorne strukture (Clark & Evansov indeks agregacije, Pielou indeks segregacije vrsta).Forest management implies activities that affect spatial structure and distribution of trees as well as the diversity of forest tree species within the stand. Biodiversity and spatial structure are commonly described with qualitative descriptions or quantitatively indexes (estimators) of biodiversity or spatial structure developed for this purpose. Aim of this work is to quantitatively analyse species and spatial structures on plots in mixed stands of Common oak and Hornbeam using BWINPro program for analysis and prognosis of forest stands. Elements of structure were quantified with indexes of species composition (species diversity, Shannon index, Evenness) and of spatial distributions (Clark & Evans index of aggregation, Pielou index of segregation)

Different temporal dynamics after conflicts and errors in children and adults

After perceiving cognitive conflicts or errors, children as well as adults adjust their performance in terms of reaction time slowing on subsequent actions, resulting in the so called post-conflict slowing and post-error slowing, respectively. The development of these phenomena has been studied separately and with different methods yielding inconsistent findings. We aimed to assess the temporal dynamics of these two slowing phenomena within a single behavioral task. To do so, 9-13-year-old children and young adults performed a Simon task in which every fifth trial was incongruent and thus induced cognitive conflict and, frequently, also errors. We compared the reaction times on four trials following a conflict or an error. Both age groups slowed down after conflicts and did so even more strongly after errors. Disproportionally high reaction times on the first post-error trial were followed by a steady flattening of the slowing. Generally, children slowed down more than adults. In addition to highlighting the phenomenal and developmental robustness of post-conflict and post-error slowing these findings strongly suggest increasingly efficient performance adjustment through fine-tuning of cognitive control in the course of development