Modulation-frequency encoded multi-wavelength fluorescence analysis

We introduce a principle of parallel optical processing: modulation-frequency-encoded multi-wavelength laser excitation, fluorescence detection with a single detector, and Fourier analysis decoding. As an example, we demonstrate simultaneous detection of DNA fragments from different origins

Multi-color fluorescent DNA analysis in an optofluidic chip

Modulation-frequency-encoded fluorescence excitation enables the identification of end-labeled DNA samples of different genetic origin during their electrophoretic separation, opening perspectives for intrinsic size calibration, malign / healthy sample comparison, and exploitation of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

Integrated optics sensors for multi-sensing platforms

An overview is presented of research projects on optical sensing, in the Integrated Optical MicroSystems group of the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology at the University of Twente

Sub-base-pair resolution during DNA separation in an optofluidic chip

DNA sequencing in a lab-on-a-chip aims at providing cheap, high-speed analysis of low reagent volumes to, e.g., identify genomic deletions or insertions associated with genetic illnesses. Detecting single base-pair insertions or deletions from DNA fragments in the diagnostically relevant range of 150-1000 base-pairs requires a sizing accuracy of S < 10^-3, while only S < 10^-2 were reported. Here we demonstrate a sizing accuracy of S = 4 x 10^-4, thereby paving the way for the envisaged applications

Effect of prostaglandin on reproduction in relation to pituitary gonadal axis in the fish, Cyprinus carpio (L.)

Prostaglandins are a class of fatty acids which are “traditionally” associated with a variety of autocrine and paracrine functions in the vertebrate body. In many fishes, however, F prostaglandins also function as a hormone that stimulates sexual behavior. In the present study, F prostaglandin was used to assess the efficacy on reproductive behavior and spawning in relation to pituitary gonadal axis in the fish, Cyprinus carpio by administering different doses. Early maturity was observed in fish leading to courtship and spawning. The histological study of olfactory lobe, pituitary gland and gonads showed that the prostaglandin is also functioning as potent olfactory stimulants with sex pheromonal activity of the fish. F prostaglandin was metabolized and released into the water where it functions as a sex pheromone, stimulating male and female sexual behavior resulting into spawning. It was concluded that F prostaglandin acts as an inducer for successful breeding in the fish, C. carpio

Efficient Real Time Vehicles Detection Approach for Complex Urban Traffic Management

Vehicles now a day are becoming very necessary part of our life this is leading to increase in congested traffic conditions around the world. With our research in this domain of vehicle detection with image processing we are focusing on detection of vehicles. This is then combined with car size detection. Our approach is to first work on the feature of four wheeler i.e., windshield of the car. Then to work with saliency generation of the region of interest which will be containing only windshield part for the vehicles in the frame. With conversion of this frame into HSV color model. From HSV the saturation value within certain limit is kept for the segmentation then on from that leading to the detection of the vehicles in the given frame. Vehicle size detection we have considered eagle eye view for taking out area and on the basis of that deciding threshold for the vehicles into different categories. Categories of vehicles include small, medium, large vehicles for four wheelers

Phenol-crotonaldehyde resins. II. Effect of crotonaldehyde purity on resin properties

Acid-catalyzed polycondensation of phenol and crotonaldehyde results in soluble thermoplastic resins over a broad range of compositions. The thermal and curing behavior of the resins are found to vary markedly with the phenol to crotonaldehyde mole ratio and the purity of crotonaldehyde. Infrared analysis of the resins and their fractions separated by column chromatography indicates that all the resins are structurally similar. The number-average molecular weights of the resins fall in the range of 400 to 600. The resins from distilled crotonaldehyde exhibit higher molecular weights than those from crude crotonaldehyde. The thermal properties of the resins are comparable to the Novolak-type phenol-formaldehyde resins. The thermoplastic nature is retained even at higher fraction of crotonaldehyde, unlike for the conventional Novolak resins

Phenol-crotonaldehyde resins. III. Curing behavior with hexamethylenetetramine

Solid thermoplastic resins were prepared by acid-catalyzed condensation of phenol and crotonaldehyde (both crude and distilled). The thermal and curing properties were compared with the conventional phenol-formaldehyde (PF) novolak resins. Phenol-crotonaldehyde (PC) resins were found to be thermoplastic even after curing with the crosslinking agent hexamethylenetetramine up to 160°C. This curing behavior was observed irrespective of the purity of the crotonaldehyde or the phenol-to-crotonaldehyde mole ratio in the resin. Postcuring of these resins at elevated temperatures yielded insoluble and infusible thermoset products. This unique thermal characteristic could lead to interesting processing possibilities for the resins. The technical feasibility of thermoplastic processing of the PC resins followed by postcure heat treatment for transforming the molded part into a thermoset has been demonstrated