Hyaluronan Export through Plasma Membranes Depends on Concurrent K+ Efflux by Kir Channels

Hyaluronan is synthesized within the cytoplasm and exported into the extracellular matrix through the cell membrane of fibroblasts by the MRP5 transporter. In order to meet the law of electroneutrality, a cation is required to neutralize the emerging negative hyaluronan charges. As we previously observed an inhibiting of hyaluronan export by inhibitors of K+ channels, hyaluronan export was now analysed by simultaneously measuring membrane potential in the presence of drugs. This was done by both hyaluronan import into inside-out vesicles and by inhibition with antisense siRNA. Hyaluronan export from fibroblast was particularly inhibited by glibenclamide, ropivacain and BaCl2 which all belong to ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying Kir channel inhibitors. Import of hyaluronan into vesicles was activated by 150 mM KCl and this activation was abolished by ATP. siRNA for the K+ channels Kir3.4 and Kir6.2 inhibited hyaluronan export. Collectively, these results indicated that hyaluronan export depends on concurrent K+ efflux

Carbachol Induces Phase-dependent Phase Shifts of Per1 Transcription Rhythms in Cultured Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Slices.

Among nonphotic stimulants, a classic cholinergic agonist, carbachol, is known to have a strong and unique phase-resetting effect on the circadian clock: Intracerebroventricular carbachol treatment causes phase delays during the subjective early night and phase advances in the subjective late night, but the effects of this drug on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in vivo and in vitro are still controversial. In the present study, we succeeded in reproducing the biphasic phase-shifting effect of carbachol on clock gene expression in organotypic SCN slices prepared from mice carrying a Per1-promoter fused luciferase gene ( Per1-luc). Since this biphasic effect of carbachol in Per1-luc SCN was prevented by atropine but not by mecamylamine, we concluded that these phase shifts were muscarinic receptor–dependent. Next, we analyzed the expression of muscarinic receptors in the SCN by in situ hybridization and found that M3 and M4 subtypes were expressed in SCN cells. These signals appeared neonatally and reached adult levels at postnatal day 10. Together, these findings suggest that carbachol has a phase-dependent phase-shifting effect on the SCN clock through muscarinic receptor subtypes expressed in the SCN. </jats:p

Helicobacter pylori infection induces hyperammonaemia in Mongolian gerbils with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS—We previously reported the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on hyperammonaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the role of H pylori as a cause of hyperammonaemia is controversial. We developed an animal model with liver cirrhosis and investigated the effect of H pylori infection on hyperammonaemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS—Five week old male Mongolian gerbils were inoculated orally with broth culture of H pylori. Forty eight gerbils were divided into four groups. Gerbils not inoculated with H pylori were fed a commercial rodent diet (group A) or a choline deficient diet (group C). Gerbils inoculated with H pylori were fed the commercial rodent diet (group B) or the choline deficient diet (group D). Blood ammonia levels of the femoral vein and portal vein were measured 30 weeks later.
RESULTS—All gerbils fed the choline deficient diet developed liver cirrhosis with fatty metamorphosis. The survival rate of group D was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Systemic and portal blood ammonia levels in group D were significantly higher than those in the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS—H pylori infection induces hyperammonaemia in gerbils with liver cirrhosis.


Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; hyperammonaemia; liver cirrhosis; Mongolian gerbil; hepatic encephalopathy; choline deficient die

Gastric leptin and Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND—Leptin regulates feeding behaviour and therefore may be a mediator of anorexia associated with acute and chronic inflammation. Recently, leptin mRNA and leptin protein were found in the gastric epithelium.
AIM—The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric leptin expression to investigate the pathophysiological role of gastric leptin.
METHODS—Surgically resected human stomach tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to check for the presence of leptin in the human gastric epithelium. A total of 201 H pylori positive patients with chronic gastritis underwent eradication therapy for H pylori and were examined for the effect of infection cure in terms of body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin levels. Biopsy specimens from the gastric fundic mucosa were obtained from 40 of the 201( )patients before and three months after eradication therapy. These samples were subjected to quantitative RT-PCR to examine the effect of eradication therapy on leptin expression in the gastric fundic mucosa.
RESULTS—Leptin immunoreactive cells were detected in the lower half of the gastric fundic glands and a leptin PCR product was also found in the gastric fundic mucosa. H pylori infection significantly increased gastric leptin expression. In addition, cure of H pylori infection significantly reduced gastric leptin expression, with a concomitant increase in BMI. In contrast, serum leptin levels did not change significantly after cure of H pylori infection.
CONCLUSION—Leptin is present in the human gastric mucosa. Gastric leptin may play a role in weight gain after eradication of H pylori infection. Gastric leptin may have a local rather than systemic action.


Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; leptin; gastric mucosa; body mass index; gastriti

Perceived Computer Skills in Learning Communication and Satisfaction in Online Among College Students in Panabo City: A Correlational Analysis

As time passes, everything evolves and significantly impacts our daily lives. Computer-related methods are one of them, and we develop abilities that we may apply in everyday situations, particularly in learning communication. Whenever it comes to this subject, technological skills are increasingly important. In this study, we assess and correlate the slope of computer skills and satisfaction online of our preferred respondents, the college students of Panabo City. Researchers employed non-experimental quantitative methods. The research question was approached using a correlational research strategy. We evaluate the factors' influence and relationship of the said variables. We'll use a questionnaire divided into two sections to examine our respondents: computer skills and satisfaction. Afterward, we assess the potential outcomes for the results presented in this study