977 research outputs found
Re-ionization and decaying dark matter
Gunn-Peterson tests suggest that the Universe was reionized after the standard recombination epoch. A systematic treatment is presented of the ionization process by deriving the Boltzmann equations appropriate to this regime. A compact solution for the photon spectrum is found in terms of the ionization ratio. These equations are then solved numerically for the Decaying Dark Matter scenario, wherein neutrinos with mass of order 30 eV radiatively decay producing photons which ionize the intergalactic medium. It was found that the neutrino mass and lifetime are severely constrained by Gunn-Peterson tests, observations of the diffuse photon spectrum in the ultraviolet regime, and the Hubble parameter
The Big Bang and Inflation United by an Analytic Solution
Exact analytic solutions for a class of scalar-tensor gravity theories with a
hyperbolic scalar potential are presented. Using an exact solution we have
successfully constructed a model of inflation that produces the spectral index,
the running of the spectral index and the amplitude of scalar perturbations
within the constraints given by the WMAP 7 years data. The model simultaneously
describes the Big Bang and inflation connected by a specific time delay between
them so that these two events are regarded as dependent on each other. In
solving the Fridemann equations, we have utilized an essential Weyl symmetry of
our theory in 3+1 dimensions which is a predicted remaining symmetry of
2T-physics field theory in 4+2 dimensions. This led to a new method of
obtaining analytic solutions in 1T field theory which could in principle be
used to solve more complicated theories with more scalar fields. Some
additional distinguishing properties of the solution includes the fact that
there are early periods of time when the slow roll approximation is not valid.
Furthermore, the inflaton does not decrease monotonically with time, rather it
oscillates around the potential minimum while settling down, unlike the slow
roll approximation. While the model we used for illustration purposes is
realistic in most respects, it lacks a mechanism for stopping inflation. The
technique of obtaining analytic solutions opens a new window for studying
inflation, and other applications, more precisely than using approximations.Comment: V2 improve computation with better agreement with WMAP 7 years data,
and also point out an exact solution for cyclic cosmolog
Fitting formulae of the reduced-shear power spectrum for weak lensing
Context. Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful probe of large-scale
structure and cosmology. Most commonly, second-order correlations of observed
galaxy ellipticities are expressed as a projection of the matter power
spectrum, corresponding to the lowest-order approximation between the projected
and 3d power spectrum.
Aims. The dominant lensing-only contribution beyond the zero-order
approximation is the reduced shear, which takes into account not only
lensing-induced distortions but also isotropic magnification of galaxy images.
This involves an integral over the matter bispectrum. We provide a fast and
general way to calculate this correction term.
Methods. Using a model for the matter bispectrum, we fit elementary functions
to the reduced-shear contribution and its derivatives with respect to
cosmological parameters. The dependence on cosmology is encompassed in a
Taylor-expansion around a fiducial model.
Results. Within a region in parameter space comprising the WMAP7 68% error
ellipsoid, the total reduced-shear power spectrum (shear plus fitted
reduced-shear correction) is accurate to 1% (2%) for l<10^4 (l<2x10^5). This
corresponds to a factor of four reduction of the bias compared to the case
where no correction is used. This precision is necessary to match the accuracy
of current non-linear power spectrum predictions from numerical simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. A&A in press. Revised version with minor change
Cosmology with moving dark energy and the CMB quadrupole
We study the consequences of a homogeneous dark energy fluid having a
non-vanishing velocity with respect to the matter and radiation large-scale
rest frames. We consider homogeneous anisotropic cosmological models with four
fluids (baryons, radiation, dark matter and dark energy) whose velocities can
differ from each other. Performing a perturbative calculation up to second
order in the velocities, we obtain the contribution of the anisotropies
generated by the fluids motion to the CMB quadrupole and compare with
observations. We also consider the exact problem for arbitrary velocities and
solve the corresponding equations numerically for different dark energy models.
We find that models whose equation of state is initially stiffer than
radiation, as for instance some tracking models, are unstable against velocity
perturbations, thus spoiling the late-time predictions for the energy
densities. In the case of scaling models, the contributions to the quadrupole
can be non-negligible for a wide range of initial conditions. We also consider
fluids moving at the speed of light (null fluids) with positive energy and show
that, without assuming any particular equation of state, they generically act
as a cosmological constant at late times. We find the parameter region for
which the models considered could be compatible with the measured (low)
quadrupole.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures. Confidence intervals calculated from WMAP data,
new references and comments included. Final version to appear in PR
Primordial Gravity Waves and Weak Lensing
Inflation produces a primordial spectrum of gravity waves in addition to the
density perturbations which seed structure formation. We compute the signature
of these gravity waves in the large scale shear field. In particular, the shear
can be divided into a gradient mode (G or E) and a curl mode (C or B). The
former is produced by both density perturbations and gravity waves, while the
latter is produced only by gravity waves, so the observations of a non-zero
curl mode could be seen as evidence for inflation. We find that the expected
signal from inflation is small, peaking on the largest scales at
at and falling rapidly there after. Even for
an all-sky deep survey, this signal would be below noise at all multipoles.
Part of the reason for the smallness of the signal is a cancellation on large
scales of the standard line-of-sight effect and the effect of ``metric shear.''Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Probing Unstable Massive Neutrinos with Current Cosmic Microwave Background Observations
The pattern of anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background depends upon
the masses and lifetimes of the three neutrino species. A neutrino species of
mass greater than 10 eV with lifetime between 10^{13} sec and 10^{17} sec
leaves a very distinct signature (due to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect):
the anisotropies at large angles are predicted to be comparable to those on
degree scales. Present data exclude such a possibility and hence this region of
parameter space. For eV, sec, we find
an interesting possibility: the Integrated Sachs Wolfe peak produced by the
decaying neutrino in low- models mimics the acoustic peak expected in
an model.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Generation of circular polarization of the CMB
According to the standard cosmology, near the last scattering surface, the
photons scattered via Compton scattering are just linearly polarized and then
the primordial circular polarization of the CMB photons is zero. In this work
we show that CMB polarization acquires a small degree of circular polarization
when a background magnetic field is considered or the quantum electrodynamic
sector of standard model is extended by Lorentz-noninvariant operators as well
as noncommutativity. The existence of circular polarization for the CMB
radiation may be verified during future observation programs and it represents
a possible new channel for investigating new physics effects.Comment: 28 pages, v3, Phys. Rev. D 81, 084035 (2010
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