Bis(9-amino-acridinium) bis-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato-κO,N,O)nickelate(II) trihydrate.

The title compound, (C(13)H(11)N(2))(2)[Ni(C(7)H(3)NO(4))(2)]·3H(2)O, consists of a mononuclear anionic complex, two 9-amino-acridinium cations and three uncoordinated water mol-ecules. Two pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ate (pydc) ligands are bound to the Ni(II) ion, giving an NiN(2)O(4) bonded set. The coordination geometry around the Ni(II) atom is distorted octa-hedral. There are two types of robust O-H⋯O hydrogen-bond synthons, namely R(6) (6)(24) and R(2) (4)(8), which link the complex anions and water mol-ecules to each other. N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the stacks of anions and cations in the structure. Other inter-molecular inter-actions, including weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, π-π [shortest centroid-centroid distance = 3.336 (7) Å] and C-O⋯π [O⋯centroid distance = 3.562 (10) Å] inter-actions, connect the various components

Bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium) hydrogen (S,S)-tartrate nona­hydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C14H13N2 +·2C4H5O6 −·9H2O, contains two cations and two anions in addition to nine mol­ecules of water. Each of the hydrogen tartrate anions is hydrogen bonded to itself by translation along [100] in a head-to-tail fashion via a short hydrogen bond with donor–acceptor distances of 2.473 (4) and 2.496 (4) Å. A large number of inter­molecular O–H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C–H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, as well as π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.642 (3) to 3.866 (3) Å], play an important role in the crystal structure

Tetrameric DABCO™-Bromine: an Efficient and Versatile Reagent for Bromination of Various Organic Compounds

Tetrameric DABCO™-bromine is a powerful brominating agent but shows reasonable selectivity with certain substrates. The selective bromination for activated aromatic compounds and alkenes is reported. Synthesis of -bromo ketones and nitriles has also been achieved by using this reagent and the results are also reported. All products reported were obtained in good to excellent yields.KEYWORDS: Tetrameric DABCO™-Bromine, TDB, solid supports, bromination, -bromination, 1,2-dibromo compounds, bromohydrin

Acridinium 6-carb­oxy­pyridine-2-carboxyl­ate monohydrate

The title compound, C13H10N+·C7H4NO4 −·H2O or (acrH)+(pydcH)−·H2O, is a monohydrate of acridinium cations and a mono-deprotonated pyridine-2,6-dicarb­oxy­lic acid. The structure contains a range of non-covalent inter­actions, such as O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as π–π stacking [range of centroid–centroid distances = 3.4783 (5)–3.8059 (5) Å]. The N—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the donor acridinium cation and the carboxyl­ate acceptor is particularly strong. The average separation between the π-stacked acridinium planes is 3.42 (3) Å

Hydroxonium hydrate tris­(2,4,6-tri­amino-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium) bis­[bis­(pyri­dine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato)cuprate(II)] pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid hexa­hydrate

The reaction of copper(II) nitrate hexa-hydrate with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (pydcH(2)) and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine (melamine) in aqueous solution in a 1:2:2 molar ratio gave the title compound, (H(5)O(2))(C(3)H(7)N(6))(3)[Cu(C(7)H(3)NO(4))(2)](2)·C(7)H(5)NO(4)·6H(2)O. The hydroxonium hydrate (H(5)O(2))(+), also known as the Zundel cation, resides on a twofold rotation axis. The O-H distance is 1.274 (14) Å, the O⋯O distance is 2.518 (5) Å, and the O-H-O angle is 162 (8)°. One of the melamine H(+) cations, the uncoordinated pydcH(2), and two water mol-ecules also reside on crystallographic twofold axes. The Cu(II) atom has a tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. The structure features extensive hydrogen bonding, with 21 distinct inter-actions. There is also a centrosymmetric C=O⋯π inter-action with an O⋯centroid distance of 3.288 (3) Å. The structure is similar to a mixed-valence manganese(II/III) structure but shows inter-esting differences in the metal-atom coordination. One of the water molecules is equally disordered with respect to a twofold axis

1,10-Phenanthrolin-1-ium hydrogen (S,S)-tartrate trihydrate and a correction

The title structure, C12H9N2 +·C4H5O6 −·3H2O, shows that one of the protons of d-tartaric acid has been transferred to 1,10-phenanthroline. The d-hydrogen tartrate anions are joined together in a head-to-tail fashion via a short hydrogen bond with donor–acceptor distance of 2.4554 (12) Å, unsymmetrical O—H distances of 1.01 (4) Å and 1.45 (4) Å, and a 174 (4)° O—H—O bond angle. The phenanthrolinium rings are π-stacked with an average separation of 3.58 (11) Å. The structural report corrects a previous report in the literature [Wang et al. (2006 ▶). Acta Cryst. E62, o2508–o2509] of the isostructural l-hydrogen tartrate enanti­omer in which the proton transfer and short hydrogen bond were missed

Rice Snl6, a Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase-Like Gene Family Member, Is Required for NH1-Mediated Immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Rice NH1 (NPR1 homolog 1) is a key mediator of innate immunity. In both plants and animals, the innate immune response is often accompanied by rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Over-expression of NH1 in rice results in resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), constitutive expression of defense related genes and enhanced benzothiadiazole (BTH)- mediated cell death. Here we describe a forward genetic screen that identified a suppressor of NH1-mediated lesion formation and resistance, snl6. Comparative genome hybridization and fine mapping rapidly identified the genomic location of the Snl6 gene. Snl6 is a member of the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)-like gene family. We show that Snl6 is required for NH1-mediated resistance to Xoo. Further, we show that Snl6 is required for pathogenesis-related gene expression. In contrast to previously described CCR family members, disruption of Snl6 does not result in an obvious morphologic phenotype. Snl6 mutants have reduced lignin content and increased sugar extractability, an important trait for the production of cellulosic biofuels. These results suggest the existence of a conserved group of CCR-like genes involved in the defense response, and with the potential to alter lignin content without affecting development