ITOS VHRR on-board data compression study

Data compression methods for ITOS VHRR data were studied for a tape recorder record-and playback application. A playback period of 9 minutes was assumed with a nominal 18 minute record period for a 2-to-1 compression ratio. Both analog and digital methods were considered with the conclusion that digital methods should be used. Two system designs were prepared. One is a PCM system and the other is an entropy-coded predictive-quantization, sometimes called entropy-coded DPCM or just DPCM, system. Both systems use data management principles to transmit only the necessary data. Both systems use a medium capacity standard tape recorder from specifications provided by the technical officer. The 10 to the 9th power bit capacity of the recorder is the basic limitation on the compression ratio. Both systems achieve the minimum desired 2 to 1 compression ratio. A slower playback rate can be used with the DPCM system due to a higher compression factor for better link performance at a given CNR in terms of bandwidth utilization and error rate. The report is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the theoretical conclusions of the second part and presents the system diagrams. The second part is a detailed analysis based upon an empirically derived random process model arrived at from specifications and measured data provided by the technical officer

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-VALIDITY OF MARKETING PROGRAM ESTABLISHED UNDER THE CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL PRORATE ACT

Appellee, a producer and packer of raisins in California, alleging that enforcement of the proration marketing agreement established under the California Agricultural Prorate Act would prevent him from fulfilling sales contracts and from purchasing for sale and selling raisins in interstate commerce, brought suit in the district court to enjoin enforcement of the program for marketing the 1940 raisin crop. The marketing program was challenged as in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the commerce clause of the United States Constitution and as in conflict with and superseded by the Federal Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937. The district court granted the injunction, holding that the effect of the marketing program was to place a controlled embargo on California raisin production and on the supply of raisins in interstate trade channels, thus constituting a direct and illegal interference with interstate commerce. Held, on appeal, the California prorate program for the 1940 raisin crop is not rendered invalid by the Sherman Act, the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, or the commerce clause of the federal Constitution.Parker v. Brown, (U. S. r943) 63 S. Ct. 307

COVERAGE OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

The Fair Labor Standards Act was upheld by the Supreme Court as a valid exercise of the commerce power in United States v. Darby. By expressly overruling Hammer v. Dagenhart and limiting the application of Carter v. Carter Coal Co., the Court recognized that production is not to be divorced from commerce and extended greatly the range of Congressional control over substandard labor conditions through exercise of the commerce power. There remained, however, the determination of the coverage of the act, which is essentially a problem of statutory delineation in the application of the act to particular fact situations presented to the courts

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - CONSTITUTIONALITY OF TIRE RATIONING

Plaintiff, Price Administrator, sought to enjoin defendants from selling rubber tires and tubes to consumers without tire rationing certificates as required by the tire rationing regulations. Defendants contended that the regulations were void under the Fifth Amendment as taking of property without due process of law and without just or any compensation. Held, judgment for plaintiff. The tire rationing regulations, a proper exercise of the war powers vested by Congress in the President or some duly constituted department, agency, or officer of the federal government, are not in contravention of the prohibition of the Fifth Amendment against the taking of private property for public use without due process of law or just compensation. Henderson v. Bryan, (D. C. Cal. 1942) 46 F. Supp. 682

Negative Skin Friction in Piles and Design Decisions

Negative skin friction behavior of pile foundations is described for conditions of pile usage in the USA. Methods of determining downdrag load and pile resistance to downdrag are explained. Other factors entering into design are discussed such as pile load testing and analysis, pile structural strength, factors of safety, pile drivability, and reduction of downdrag loads. Observations from seven unpublished negative skin friction failures are used for illustration

COVERAGE OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

The writer published an article dealing with the coverage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in the June, 1943 issue of the Michigan Law Review. It is the purpose of this paper to consider the most important decisions since the preparation of that article (March, 1943) and to examine the applicability of the act to certain activities not there discussed

Monte Carlo simulation of wave sensing with a short pulse radar

A Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the ocean wave sensing potential of a radar which scatters short pulses at small off-nadir angles. In the simulation, realizations of a random surface are created commensurate with an assigned probability density and power spectrum. Then the signal scattered back to the radar is computed for each realization using a physical optics analysis which takes wavefront curvature and finite radar-to-surface distance into account. In the case of a Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum and a normally distributed surface, reasonable assumptions for a fully developed sea, it has been found that the cumulative distribution of time intervals between peaks in the scattered power provides a measure of surface roughness. This observation is supported by experiments

Advanced communications techniques

Research results obtained under the Advanced Communications Techniques grant are introduced through a list of lectures and papers

Universal approximation of multi-copy states and universal quantum lossless data compression

We have proven that there exists a quantum state approximating any multi-copy state universally when we measure the error by means of the normalized relative entropy. While the qubit case was proven by Krattenthaler and Slater (IEEE Trans. IT, 46, 801-819 (2000); quant-ph/9612043), the general case has been open for more than ten years. For a deeper analysis, we have solved the mini-max problem concerning `approximation error' up to the second order. Furthermore, we have applied this result to quantum lossless data compression, and have constructed a universal quantum lossless data compression