Inflammatory markers response to citrulline supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of citrulline (Cit) supplementation on inflammatory markers and liver histopathology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this clinical trial, fifty NAFLD patients were assigned to receive 2 g/day Cit or placebo for 3 months. Results: At the end of study, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were reduced in Cit group significantly more than placebo group (P-value = 0.02 and < 0.01 respectively). Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was reduced in Cit group significantly more than placebo after adjusting for levels of baseline (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, Cit supplementation decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis significantly (P = 0.04). Anthropometric measurements and hepatic enzymes did not change significantly in any group (P � 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that 12 weeks supplementation with 2 g/day Cit improved inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. Further studies with longer period of supplementation and different dosages of Cit are needed to be able to conclude. Trial registration IRCT201703194010N18 on 2017-10-13 © 2019 The Author(s)

Inflammatory markers response to citrulline supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of citrulline (Cit) supplementation on inflammatory markers and liver histopathology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this clinical trial, fifty NAFLD patients were assigned to receive 2 g/day Cit or placebo for 3 months. Results: At the end of study, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were reduced in Cit group significantly more than placebo group (P-value = 0.02 and < 0.01 respectively). Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was reduced in Cit group significantly more than placebo after adjusting for levels of baseline (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, Cit supplementation decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis significantly (P = 0.04). Anthropometric measurements and hepatic enzymes did not change significantly in any group (P � 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that 12 weeks supplementation with 2 g/day Cit improved inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. Further studies with longer period of supplementation and different dosages of Cit are needed to be able to conclude. Trial registration IRCT201703194010N18 on 2017-10-13 © 2019 The Author(s)

Effects of resveratrol supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The available evidence regarding the possible effects of resveratrol on liver function is inconsistent. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the overall effects of resveratrol supplementation on liver enzymes in adults. METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search of the online medical databases including PubMed, Scupos, Web of Science and Cochran Library was performed up to February 2020. All RCTs using resveratrol supplements in adults were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall effect was presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS: Finally, 15 randomized trials including 714 participants were selected for the present meta-analysis. Pooled analysis did not show any significant changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: 0 IU/L, 95% CI: -3.17 to 3.17, p = 0.99; I2 = 74.2%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: -2.40 IU/L, 95% CI: -5.45 to 0.65, p = 0.11; I2 = 82.9%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (WMD: -1.26 IU/L, 95% CI: -4.64 to 2.13, p = 0.64; I2 = 23.7%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (WMD: 3.80 IU/L, 95% CI: -4.65 to 12.25, p = 0.37; I2 = 29.9%) and bilirubin (WMD: 0.13 IU/L, 95% CI: -0.43 to 0.17, p = 0.39; I2 = 8.9%) after supplementation with resveratrol. CONCLUSION: Overall in our study resveratrol does not effect on liver enzyme levels significantly, but subgroup analysis indicates that these results may be influenced by resveratrol dose, duration of the study and population status, so future high-quality studies are necessary to get definitive results

Analyzing The Influence Of Air Temperature On The Cardiovascular, Respiratory And Stroke Mortality In Tehran

The quantification of the relationship between daily mortality and air temperature, as a fundamental policy is essential to enhance the accuracy of the warning system of decrease and increase of temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature and death rate in Tehran during the period (2002-2005) by combining statistical and geographic information system methods. The Results of this study indicate that there is a strong and meaningful correlation between air temperature and death rate especially between monthly averages ones. The highest rate of mortality has occurred in the cold months of the year (December, January and February). and as the temperature decrease, the death rate increase. The increase in death rate caused by cardiovascular, respiratory and stroke diseases in the cold months of the year, bears proof to this matter. Among 22 zones of Tehran, zones 9, 6 and 12 have got the highest number of death occurrence. The correlation between daily death rate and daily temperature averages was V-shaped. Results of this study confirm some previous findings such as those in Moscow, United States, Hong Kong, Madrid, Athens and Shanghai. Temperature minimum mortality for Tehran was calculated as 28.5°C. The obtained results also indicate that the higher was the temperature difference from the Temperature minimum mortality, the more the death rate increased. Finally, the optimum policies for the mitigation of mortality in Tehran are presented