An Analysis of Landuse/Landcover Change Distribution in Kuje Area Council Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

The aim of this paper is to assess landuse/landcover change distribution in Kuje area council Federal Capital Teritory Abuja Nigeria. To achieve this, the landuse/area coverage of the study area over a period of 35 years was identified. Also determined were the rate, nature and direction of urban growth in the study area. The landuse change and its effects during the time period were also determined. To obtain the necessary data for the study, seven hundred and eighty - three (783) respondents constituting about 0.2% of the total population of Kuje Area Council as projected from the census figures of National Population Commission of 2006 to 2010, questionnaire was also administered to 140 professional Urban Planners, Land Administrators and Ward heads. The secondary data were sourced from Institutions and Governmental Organizations relevant to the study. Onscreen digitization of the study area maps was employed in delineating the built-up area, hill, stream, roads, forest land, fadama land and the arable land from the various data sets for the years. Map overlay operation was performed in order to identify and detect landuse classes over the years. The mean change per year (arithmetic mean) in Km2/year and % / year for the periods was calculated. The rate of development (increase or decrease) was ascertained. The study revealed that between 1975 and 1980, the built-up area expanded from 2.6% (47 Km2) to 4.2% (75 Km2) of the total area. The major road networks expanded from 7.3% (131 Km) to 8.8% (159Km). ‘Fadama’ landcover which is the Hausa word for irrigable land, flood plains and low lying areas decreased from 17.7% (319 Km2) to 16.4% (310 Km2). The research therefore concluded that the present innovations in GIS and Remote Sensing technologies make available potent instruments for detecting and mapping of transformations in landuse/land cover.Keywords: Fadama Land, Landuse/Landcover, Arable Land, Degradation, Environment,Vegetation

Pengaruh Pembengkokan terhadap Kekuatan Baja Sruktur Tulangan Beton di Lingkungan Air Gambut

Concrete reinforcement steel bar when it began ordering from manufacturers and further functionalized into the building structure experience bending process to ease the transportation activity or while loading and unloading is not willful bent. Environmental conditions also affect the physical and mechanical condition of the reinforcement steel bar. From the many environmental conditions of corrosion, the selected scope is the peat water as a characteristic geographical conditions in Riau Province. The research methodology is testing experimentally. Concrete reinforcement steel bar is bent on angle (α) 20o, 40o, 60o, 80o, 100o, 120o, 140o, 160o, and 180o. There are two groupings of each bending specimens, they are soaked in the peat water and not soaked in the peat water. Then the specimens is straightened for tensile testing. The average tensile strength and ductility of reinforcing steel bar increase varies depending on the bending angle when compared to normal reinforcement steel bar. The percentage of elongation decreased due to the bending depends of bending angle. Meanwhile, due to bending and soaked in the peat water, the tensile strength was increased but not exceeding the sample group were not soaked and the value of elongation decreased lower than the reinforcing steel bar that is not soaked

Expérimentation à propos des effets redistributifs de l'usage d'un réseau routier urbain

L'analyse systémique des transports -- Introduction de l'approche systémique en transport -- Les interactions entre le système de transport et le système d'activité -- Effets redistributifs et enjeux socio-économiques du système de transport -- Limites des modèles séquentiels classiques -- La modélisation totalement désagrégée -- Exploration d'une approche ontologique pour l'analyse multi-perspective du système de transport -- Méthodologie pragmatique pour la mesure des effets redistributifs d'un réseau routier urbain -- Analyse multi-perspective -- Aspec systémique -- La problématique de redistribution -- Réflexion sur les instruments -- La méthodologie -- À propos de l'expérimentation

VALIDITAS HADIS TENTANG HEWAN JALLALAH (HEWAN PEMAKAN KOTORAN DAN NAJIS) DAN IMPLIKASI HUKUMNYA

Artikel ini membahas tentang validitas hadis-hadis yang membicarakan tentang hewan jallalahh dan implikasi hukum terhadap mengkosumsidaging, susu dan menunggangi hewan jallah. Hadis tentang hewan jallah ini jarang sekali ditemukan dalam kitab Sahih al-Bukhari dan Sahih Muslim.Pembahasan ini menemikan bahwa hadis tentang hewan jallalah diriwayatkan melalui berbgai jalur sanad yang sebagian besar bersal dari Abdullah bin Umar dan Abdullah bin Abbas. Hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Umar dari Rasulullah lebih kuat dibandingkan yang berasal dari Ibnu Abbas. Secara keseluruhan hadis yang berasal dari Ibnu Umar memiliki mutaba’at yang cukup banyak sedangkan dari segi syawahidnya hanya diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Abbas dan satu riwayat berasal dari Abu Hurairah. Implikasi hukumnya bahwa lafaz nahy yang dipakai dalam setiap hadis adalah lafaz naha, lafaz ini merupakan keharaman mutlak dan berkesinambungan. Tetapi setelah dipahami dengan berbagai riwayat lain dan pendapat para ulama keharaman hewan jallalah ini bersifat temporal. Hal ini diindikasikan dengan adanya riwayat yang menjelaskan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengurung binatang tersebut dan memberinya makan yang bersih. Sehingga ulama ada yang mengharamkan sementara dan ada yang memakruhkan bahkan ada yang menyatakan mubah jika bau dan rasanya tidak berubah

Intrusion detection model of wireless sensor networks based on game theory and an autoregressive model

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. An effective security strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is imperative to counteract security threats. Meanwhile, energy consumption directly affects the network lifetime of a wireless sensor. Thus, an attempt to exploit a low-consumption Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect malicious attacks makes a lot of sense. Existing Intrusion Detection Systems can only detect specific attacks and their network lifetime is short due to their high energy consumption. For the purpose of reducing energy consumption and ensuring high efficiency, this paper proposes an intrusion detection model based on game theory and an autoregressive model. The paper not only improves the autoregressive theory model into a non-cooperative, complete-information, static game model, but also predicts attack pattern reliably. The proposed approach improves on previous approaches in two main ways: (1) it takes energy consumption of the intrusion detection process into account, and (2) it obtains the optimal defense strategy that balances the system's detection efficiency and energy consumption by analyzing the model's mixed Nash equilibrium solution. In the simulation experiment, the running time of the process is regarded as the main indicator of energy consumption of the system. The simulation results show that our proposed IDS not only effectively predicts the attack time and the next targeted cluster based on the game theory, but also reduces energy consumption

Physical development pattern and crime incidences in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

The paper inquired if the nature and physical development characteristics of the neighbourhoods constitute crime exposure factors in Ilorin. The study identified common crimes experienced and their spatial distribution in the neighbourhoods of Ilorin. It further characterized the nature and physical development conditions of the neighbourhoods of the study area. In carrying out the study 960 households spread across 35 aggregated neighbourhoods of the study area were sampled for their crime victimization experiences using a designed crime victimization survey questionnaire administered through a systematic random sampling procedure, in a survey conducted in October, 2015. In addition, extensive but discreet physical observations and rating of the physical development characteristics of the neighbourhoods were conducted as part of the survey. In analyzing the data obtained, the study employed Jenks' natural breaks classification method to classify the neighbourhoods of the study area into four crime densities; and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation technique to establish the relationship between the quality of neighbourhood physical development and exposure to crime. The study confirmed the common crimes experienced by residents of the study area; established a spatial classification of criminality in the study area; as well established a (r) value of -0.633 between the nature of neighbourhood physical development and exposure to crime using correlation analysis. The study recommends the design and implementation of periodic urban renewal programmes to minimize exposure to crime in poorly developed neighbourhoods of the study area.Keywords: crime pattern, neighbourhood, physical development patter

Toxicity Profiles In Vivo in Mice and Antitumour Activity in Tumour-Bearing Mice of Di- and Triorganotin Compounds

The in vivo toxicity profiles in mice and the antitumour activity in tumour bearing mice were screened for four di-n-butyltin and five triorganotin carboxylates, di-n-butyltin diterebate (5), bis(phenylacetate) (6), bis(deoxycholate) (7), bis(lithocholate) (8), tri-n-butyltin terebate (9), cinnamate (10), and triphenyltin terebate (11)

Modified scoping review of the enablers and barriers to implementing primary health care in the COVID-19 context

Since the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978, countries have varied in their progress towards establishing and sustaining comprehensive primary health care (PHC) and realizing its associated vision of ‘Health for All’. International health emergencies such as the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic underscore the importance of PHC in underpinning health equity, including via access to routine essential services and emergency responsiveness. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge about PHC impacts, implementation enablers and barriers, and knowledge gaps across the three main PHC components as conceptualized in the 2018 Astana Framework. A scoping review design was adopted to summarize evidence from a diverse body of literature with a modification to accommodate four discrete phases of searching, screening and eligibility assessment: a database search in PubMed for PHC-related literature reviews and multi-country analyses (Phase 1); a website search for key global PHC synthesis reports (Phase 2); targeted searches for peer-reviewed literature relating to specific components of PHC (Phase 3) and searches for emerging insights relating to PHC in the COVID-19 context (Phase 4). Evidence from 96 included papers were analysed across deductive themes corresponding to the three main components of PHC. Findings affirm that investments in PHC improve equity and access, healthcare performance, accountability of health systems and health outcomes. Key enablers of PHC implementation include equity-informed financing models, health system and governance frameworks that differentiate multi-sectoral PHC from more discrete service-focussed primary care, and governance mechanisms that strengthen linkages between policymakers, civil society, non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations and private sector entities. Although knowledge about, and experience in, PHC implementation continues to grow, critical knowledge gaps are evident, particularly relating to country-level, context-specific governance, financing, workforce, accountability and service coordination mechanisms. An agenda to guide future country-specific PHC research is outlined

Load characteristics of cold water pipe based on fibreglass-filled HDPE composites

Cold water pipe (CWP) which is used in ocean thermal energy conversion stationary surface platform should be able to keep water at a temperature of ~5°C, with the result that cold water could be used to liquefy ammonia vapor from a turbine generator to generate electricity. CWP has an inner diameter of about 3m to 4m that reach to 500m water depth. CWP on the stationary platform will experience stresses due to current and wave loads and the weight of the pipe itself. This paper will explain the loading that occurs. Seawater currents generate movement of CWP in the horizontal direction which causes the pipe to be subjected to bending stress. Bending loading fluctuates with different wavelengths and angles each time. In addition, seawater currents lead vortex-induced vibration. The properties of pipe material used should be lightweight, flexible and strength that subjected to wave and current loads. HDPE material is suitable for CWP than other polymeric materials. Because of lightweight and flexible. For the strength, it is filled with short fiberglass in order to withstand low temperature and corrosion. The CWP bending due to seawater current causes the structure of the pipe material to experience repetitive tensile and compressive loading. And due to waves occurs axial tensile load. So that the main load on the CWP is the tension and pull loading that occurs repeatedly or fluctuating in sinusoidal shape and the resistance of the CWP will be more accurately known by fatigue testing alternating load