Integrable approach to simple exclusion processes with boundaries. Review and progress

We study the matrix ansatz in the quantum group framework, applying integrable systems techniques to statistical physics models. We start by reviewing the two approaches, and then show how one can use the former to get new insight on the latter. We illustrate our method by solving a model of reaction-diffusion. An eigenvector for the transfer matrix for the XXZ spin chain with non-diagonal boundary is also obtained using a matrix ansatz.Comment: 44 page

3-state Hamiltonians associated to solvable 33-vertex models

Using the nested coordinate Bethe ansatz, we study 33-vertex models, where only one global charge with degenerate eigenvalues exists and each site possesses three internal degrees of freedom. In the context of Markovian processes, they correspond to diffusing particles with two possible internal states which may be exchanged during the diffusion (transmutation). The first step of the nested coordinate Bethe ansatz is performed providing the eigenvalues in terms of rapidities. We give the constraints ensuring the consistency of the computations. These rapidities also satisfy Bethe equations involving $4\times 4$ R-matrices, solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation which implies new constraints on the models. We solve them allowing us to list all the solvable 33-vertex models.Comment: 14 pages; title changed according to referee request; an appendix added to describe explicitely the Hamiltonia

Inhomogeneous discrete-time exclusion processes

We study discrete time Markov processes with periodic or open boundary conditions and with inhomogeneous rates in the bulk. The Markov matrices are given by the inhomogeneous transfer matrices introduced previously to prove the integrability of quantum spin chains. We show that these processes have a simple graphical interpretation and correspond to a sequential update. We compute their stationary state using a matrix ansatz and express their normalization factors as Schur polynomials. A connection between Bethe roots and Lee-Yang zeros is also pointed out.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures; a short paragraph at the end to justify the form of the sequential update has been added; the justification of the transfer matrix degree is detaile

Open two-species exclusion processes with integrable boundaries

We give a complete classification of integrable Markovian boundary conditions for the asymmetric simple exclusion process with two species (or classes) of particles. Some of these boundary conditions lead to non-vanishing particle currents for each species. We explain how the stationary state of all these models can be expressed in a matrix product form, starting from two key components, the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev and Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relations. This statement is illustrated by studying in detail a specific example, for which the matrix Ansatz (involving 9 generators) is explicitly constructed and physical observables (such as currents, densities) calculated.Comment: 19 pages; typos corrected, more details on the Matrix Ansatz algebr

Integrable boundary conditions for multi-species ASEP

The first result of the present paper is to provide classes of explicit solutions for integrable boundary matrices for the multi-species ASEP with an arbitrary number of species. All the solutions we have obtained can be seen as representations of a new algebra that contains the boundary Hecke algebra. The boundary Hecke algebra is not sufficient to build these solutions. This is the second result of our paper.Comment: 20 page

Integrable dissipative exclusion process: Correlation functions and physical properties

We study a one-parameter generalization of the symmetric simple exclusion process on a one dimensional lattice. In addition to the usual dynamics (where particles can hop with equal rates to the left or to the right with an exclusion constraint), annihilation and creation of pairs can occur. The system is driven out of equilibrium by two reservoirs at the boundaries. In this setting the model is still integrable: it is related to the open XXZ spin chain through a gauge transformation. This allows us to compute the full spectrum of the Markov matrix using Bethe equations. Then, we derive the spectral gap in the thermodynamical limit. We also show that the stationary state can be expressed in a matrix product form permitting to compute the multi-points correlation functions as well as the mean value of the lattice current and of the creation-annihilation current. Finally the variance of the lattice current is exactly computed for a finite size system. In the thermodynamical limit, it matches perfectly the value obtained from the associated macroscopic fluctuation theory. It provides a confirmation of the macroscopic fluctuation theory for dissipative system from a microscopic point of view.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures ; introduction expanded, typos corrected and title change

Matrix product solution to a 2-species TASEP with open integrable boundaries

We present an explicit representation for the matrix product ansatz for some two-species TASEP with open boundary conditions. The construction relies on the integrability of the models, a property that constrains the possible rates at the boundaries. The realisation is built on a tensor product of copies of the DEHP algebras. Using this explicit construction, we are able to calculate the partition function of the models. The densities and currents in the stationary state are also computed. It leads to the phase diagram of the models. Depending on the values of the boundary rates, we obtain for each species shock waves, maximal current, or low/high densities phases.Comment: 23 page

Relaxation rate of the reverse biased asymmetric exclusion process

We compute the exact relaxation rate of the partially asymmetric exclusion process with open boundaries, with boundary rates opposing the preferred direction of flow in the bulk. This reverse bias introduces a length scale in the system, at which we find a crossover between exponential and algebraic relaxation on the coexistence line. Our results follow from a careful analysis of the Bethe ansatz root structure.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure