Municipal Wastewater Recycling In Cotton Textile Wet Processing - A Review

The global water crisis is emerging as one of the most seri¬ous natural resource issues facing the world today. For the water consuming in¬dustry, water is no longer regarded as a consumable or utility but as a highly valuable asset. Water is a vital element used in close conjunction with the production processes. Water is a high value resource and it is directly related to economy as well. Due to scarcity of water, the recy¬cling of wastewater is becoming the necessity. Water recycling is important from economical and sustainable point of view, but it must be realized in a proper way while improving product quality and process stability at the same time. The textile industry is the biggest water con¬suming sector. Therefore use of treated municipal wastewater in textile wet processing and implementing water conservation techniques in production process of fabric are important to overcome the scarcity of water. Many researchers, scientist and scholars dedicated their knowledge in several aspects of wastewater recycling and reuse in different sectors of textiles. Review carried out here covers research work done by distinguished investigators from all over the world. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15032

Gramene 2016: comparative plant genomics and pathway resources

Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is an online resource for comparative functional genomics in crops and model plant species. Its two main frameworks are genomes (collaboration with Ensembl Plants) and pathways (The Plant Reactome and archival BioCyc databases). Since our last NAR update, the database website adopted a new Drupal management platform. The genomes section features 39 fully assembled reference genomes that are integrated using ontology-based annotation and comparative analyses, and accessed through both visual and programmatic interfaces. Additional community data, such as genetic variation, expression and methylation, are also mapped for a subset of genomes. The Plant Reactome pathway portal (http://plantreactome.gramene.org) provides a reference resource for analyzing plant metabolic and regulatory pathways. In addition to approximately 200 curated rice reference pathways, the portal hosts gene homology-based pathway projections for 33 plant species. Both the genome and pathway browsers interface with the EMBL-EBI's Expression Atlas to enable the projection of baseline and differential expression data from curated expression studies in plants. Gramene's archive website (http://archive.gramene.org) continues to provide previously reported resources on comparative maps, markers and QTL. To further aid our users, we have also introduced a live monthly educational webinar series and a Gramene YouTube channel carrying video tutorials

Gramene 2018: unifying comparative genomics and pathway resources for plant research

Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a knowledgebase for comparative functional analysis in major crops and model plant species. The current release, #54, includes over 1.7 million genes from 44 reference genomes, most of which were organized into 62,367 gene families through orthologous and paralogous gene classification, whole-genome alignments, and synteny. Additional gene annotations include ontology-based protein structure and function; genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic diversity; and pathway associations. Gramene's Plant Reactome provides a knowledgebase of cellular-level plant pathway networks. Specifically, it uses curated rice reference pathways to derive pathway projections for an additional 66 species based on gene orthology, and facilitates display of gene expression, gene-gene interactions, and user-defined omics data in the context of these pathways. As a community portal, Gramene integrates best-of-class software and infrastructure components including the Ensembl genome browser, Reactome pathway browser, and Expression Atlas widgets, and undergoes periodic data and software upgrades. Via powerful, intuitive search interfaces, users can easily query across various portals and interactively analyze search results by clicking on diverse features such as genomic context, highly augmented gene trees, gene expression anatomograms, associated pathways, and external informatics resources. All data in Gramene are accessible through both visual and programmatic interfaces

ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION IN A DISTILLERY PLANT- A CASE STUDY

Energy is a main function for each kind of process. It is the central force behind our productivity, our leisure and our environment. Energy Audit is the integral part of Energy Management. The energy audit can unearth huge profits to the industry. It quantifies the energy uses according to its various functions. It attempts to balance the total energy inputs with the output or the uses. The energy conservation and maximization strategies for a process industry like distillery plant are cost effective, which conserve the environment automatically. The electrical energy audit of a distillery plant has wide scope of energy conservation. The audit has been successfully completed and concluded with the saving of the 18500 kWh per year of energy. The most of the electrical energy is utilized to drive electrical motors used for various processes. Energy will be saving in case of motors with the help of the variable frequency drives, which reduces the speed of the motors as well as energy. The distillery has the beneficial of Rs. 1, 20,910 by implementing given recommendations

Variant phasing and haplotypic expression from long-read sequencing in maize

Haplotype phasing maize genetic variants is important for genome interpretation, population genetic analysis and functional analysis of allelic activity. We performed an isoform-level phasing study using two maize inbred lines and their reciprocal crosses, based on single-molecule, full-length cDNA sequencing. To phase and analyze transcripts between hybrids and parents, we developed IsoPhase. Using this tool, we validated the majority of SNPs called against matching short-read data from embryo, endosperm and root tissues, and identified allele-specific, gene-level and isoform-level differential expression between the inbred parental lines and hybrid offspring. After phasing 6907 genes in the reciprocal hybrids, we annotated the SNPs and identified large-effect genes. In addition, we identified parent-of-origin isoforms, distinct novel isoforms in maize parent and hybrid lines, and imprinted genes from different tissues. Finally, we characterized variation in cis- and trans-regulatory effects. Our study provides measures of haplotypic expression that could increase accuracy in studies of allelic expression

Monitor Unit Verification for Radiotherapy Irregular Fields Based On the Clarkson Method Combined With In-House MLC Shaper Software

Introduction: In the present scenario, high precision-radiotherapy is delivered through Linear accelerators in which the dose delivery is achieved by delivering the proper monitor unit (MU). Treatment planning for the patients is carried out through treatment planning systems (TPS) in which the precise computation of MU is crucial. This TPS - calculated MU has to be verified using manual calculations for accurate dose delivery. In this study, we incorporated our in-house developed multi leaf collimator(MLC) shaper software and the well-known Clarkson method to compare the calculated MUs to the TPS-generated MUs.Material and Methods: Conformal treatment plans of various sites of 30 patients were randomly selected containing different MLC-shaped field sizes. All the fields were shaped using MLC (leaf width of 1cm, 40 pairs) in the TPS. MLC log files were exported and fed into the in-house shaper software to get crucial inputs for the Clarkson-based calculation. The Tissue Maximum Ratio(TMR) & Scatter Maximum ratio(SMR) were utilized in our investigation. The Clarkson MU calculation was compared with the TPS calculation method. Paired t-test was performed for the statistical significance.Results: The Clarkson method-based calculated had significant differences for all the esophageal cancers (p<0.05); however no significant difference was found in the other sites.Conclusion: The compared MUs were within the acceptable deviation with the TPS for Head & Neck, Prostrate and Cervical cancer. The estimated MUs had significant difference in non-homogenous medium. The shaper software can be further enhanced to receive MLC log files from the TPS

Virtual Sign Language Translator

The development of a Virtual Sign Language Translator represents a significant advancement in facilitating communication between hearing and non-hearing individuals, particularly in educational and business settings. This initiative aims to bridge the communication gap by providing real-time translation of sign language into text or speech, enhancing accessibility and inclusivity. The system utilizes advanced technologies such as computer vision, machine learning, and natural language processing to accurately interpret sign language gestures. Users can interact through intuitive interfaces, enabling seamless conversion of sign language into readable or audible formats. By integrating this translator into classrooms, universities, institutions, and business environments, we can promote equal participation and understanding, ensuring that information is accessible to all, regardless of hearing ability

Gapless Assembly of Maize Chromosomes Using Long-Read Technologies

Creating gapless telomere-to-telomere assemblies of complex genomes is one of the ultimate challenges in genomics. We use two independent assemblies and an optical map-based merging pipeline to produce a maize genome (B73-Ab10) composed of 63 contigs and a contig N50 of 162 Mb. This genome includes gapless assemblies of chromosome 3 (236 Mb) and chromosome 9 (162 Mb), and 53 Mb of the Ab10 meiotic drive haplotype. The data also reveal the internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobs, showing that the major tandem repeat arrays (CentC, knob180, and TR-1) are discontinuous and frequently interspersed with retroelements