Wood mouse feeding effort and decision-making when encountering a restricted unknown food source

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Animals making foraging decisions must balance the energy gained, the time invested, and the influence of key environmental factors. In our work, we examined the effect of predation risk cues and experience on feeding efforts when a novel food resource was made available. To achieve this, we live-trapped wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus in Monte de Valdelatas (Madrid), where 80 Sherman traps were set in four plots. Traps were subjected to two food-access difficulties in treatments consisting of three consecutive nights: open plastic bottles (easy) and closed bottles (difficult), both using corn as bait. To simulate predation risk, we set fox faeces in half of the traps in each plot. We also considered moonlight (medium/low) as an indirect predation risk cue. We analysed whether bottles had been bitten by mice and the gnawed area of each bottle was measured. Our results indicated that food access difficulty, experience, and predation risk determined mice feeding decisions and efforts. The ability of mice to adapt feeding effort when a new food source is available was demonstrated because a higher proportion of closed bottles exhibited bite marks and the gnawed area was bigger. Moreover, mouse experience was determinant in the use of this new resource since recaptured mice gnawed broader orifices in the bottles and the gnawed area increased each time an individual was recaptured. Additionally, direct predation risk cues prompted mice to bite the bottles whereas the effect of different moon phases varied among the food access treatments. This study provides direct evidence of formidable efficacy of wild mice to exploit a new nutrient resource while considering crucial environmental factors that shape the decision-making procedur

Conspecific eggs and hatchlings in the diet of the insular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata

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A case of melanism in a population of the insular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata

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Interactions between lizards (Podarcis hispanica atrata) and scorpions (Buthus occitanus) in the Columbrets islands

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Efficient geometric framework for 3D images modeling

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar la implementación de una reconstrucción real de imágenes en 3D utilizando el álgebra geométrica (AG). Con ello queremos mostrar la utilidad del AG para la representación de estructuras y el desarrollo de algoritmos para las aplicaciones de computer graphics , y especialmente para otras aplicaciones de ingeniería, como el modelado de imágenes en 3D. Una primera consecuencia es la obtención de un eficiente entorno de modelado para su implementación en un hardware programable. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que utilizando AG, los cálculos son menos complejos y se materializan como simples operaciones geométricas. El modelo obtenido para el hardware puede ser implementado como un paso siguiente en la reconstrucción de imágenes en 3D. Este artículo pone de manifiesto el potencial del AG para optimizaciones e implementaciones altamente eficientes.The objective of this paper is exploring implementation of a realistic images reconstruction 3D using geometric algebra (GA). We illustrate the suitability of GA for representing structures and developing algorithms in computer graphics, especially for engineering applications as 3D images modeling. A first consequence is to propose an efficient framework model to be implemented in hardware programmable. The obtained results showed that using GA, the computations are less complex and shows as simple computations geometrical operations. The obtained model to hardware can be implemented as a next step in 3D image reconstruction. We also include the potential of GA for optimizations and highly efficient implementations.Peer Reviewe

Posibles cambios en la abundancia de reptiles en las islas Medes (Girona, Mediterráneo Occidental)

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Sustainable development in Colombia: Challenges for compliance with the 2030 agenda

Among Latin American countries, Colombia is considered a pioneer in the introduction of laws and policies on environmental issues; and since 2015 the country has a national monitoring system to measure advancements in the Sustainable Development Goals. One of the problems to achieve the 2030 agenda goals, is the large gap between urban and rural areas. The results from our analysis show that compliance with the SDGs 6, 7 and 13, have a representative impact on closing this gap and in achieving the rest of the objectives; hence a development plan focused on advancing in SDGs 6, 7 and 13, is a key strategy to fulfill the 2030 Agenda. This paper analyses the case of Cartagena de Indias, in the Colombian Caribbean

Mammalia, Chiroptera, Molossidae, <i>Molossops temminckii</i> (Burmeister, 1854), and Vespertilionidae, <i>Eptesicus furinalis</i> (dOrbigny and Gervais, 1847): New locality record and distribution extension in Cordoba Province, Argentina

During a field trip to the Ramsar site “Bañados del Río Dulce y Laguna Mar Chiquita” we captured three specimensof Molossops temminckii (Burmeister, 1854) and two of Eptesicus furinalis (d’Orbigny and Gervais, 1847). Molossopstemminckii has a wide distribution in Argentina, but this new record represents the second mention of the species for theCordoba Province after 13 years. The specimens of E. furinalis represent the tenth record for Cordoba and the second for RíoPrimero Department. This new information reflects the scarcity of systematic studies on bats in Cordoba Province

Dimensiones corporales de la Pardela Cenicienta mediterránea (Calonectris diomedea diomedea) en la colonia de las islas Columbretes (Mediterráneo occidental)

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