The lipids of the common house cricket,Acheta domesticus L. III. Sterols

Sterols constitute 1.95% of the total extractable lipids ofAcheta domesticus L., of which 18% are esterified. The free sterols consist of cholestane‐3β‐ol (0.5%), Δ5‐cholestene‐3β‐ol (83.5%), Δ7‐cholestene‐3β‐ol (2.3%) Δ5,7‐cholestadiene‐3β‐ol (3%), Δ5,22‐cholestadiene‐3β‐ol (4%), Δ5,7,22‐cholestatriene‐3β‐ol (0.2%), campestane‐3β‐ol (0.03%), Δ5‐campestene‐3β‐ol (1.0%), Δ7‐campestene‐3β‐ol (trace), Δ5,7‐campestadiene‐3β‐ol (0.2%), stigmastane‐3β‐ol (0.09%), Δ5‐stigmastene‐3β‐ol (2.1%), Δ7‐stigmastene‐3β‐ol (0.04%), Δ5,7‐stigmastadiene‐3β‐ol (0.4%), Δ5,22‐stigmastadiene‐3βol (0.1%). The same sterols are present in the esterified sterol fraction. Δ7‐Sterols and Δ5,7‐sterols are present in significantly larger amounts in the esterified fraction than in the free sterol fraction. By a comparison with the sterols of the cricket food, it is clear thatA. domesticus is capable of removing methyl and ethyl groups from C‐24 of sterols of the campestane and stigmastane type. The ability to introduce a Δ7 double bond into saturated and Δ5‐sterols is indicated, and it is suggested that Δ7‐sterols of the C27, C28, and C29 sterol series may be intermediates in the conversion of Δ5‐sterols to Δ5,7‐sterols.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141058/1/lipd0256.pd

Covid-19 and the Role of Intellectual Property - Position Statement of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition of 7 May 2021

In this Statement, the authors take a position on the waiver of intellectual property (IP) protection currently being considered by the members of the World Trade Organisation. The waiver was initiated by India and South Africa as a measure to enable rapid access to affordable medical products that are necessary to combat Covid-19. The initiative gained momentum after the US decided to support it. The authors do not consider this path to be expedient. The Statement presents factual and legal arguments why a comprehensive waiver of IP protection is unlikely to be a necessary and suitable measure towards the pursued objective. Overall, it argues that IP rights may so far have played an enabling and facilitating rather than hindering role in overcoming Covid-19. The global community might not be better off if IP rights are waived, neither during nor after the pandemic. There are more efficient and direct ways to supply developing countries with vaccines quickly – if the industrialised countries are willing to do their share

Geographical Indication as a vector of regional development and the possibility of its application in the artisanal crystal sector of Vale do Itajaí

In a context marked by the deepening of globalization, geographic dispersion of industrial production and international division of labor, the sector of crystal craft of the Vale of Itajaí in the State of Santa Catarina/ Brazil, has been facing different challenges and looking for new perspectives of competitiveness. The aim of the paper is to address, more specifically, the question of Geographic Indication as a key factor in the strategy of regional development, linking the productive organization and performance in the industrial sector to the socioeconomic situation of the region and its development. To this end, the paper discussed the feasibility of obtaining Geographic Indication and its impacts on restructuring of territories, reorganization of production thru clusters and regional development. Finally, the study pointed out to which extent geographical proximity and territorial economic activity may affect the strategy of competitiveness and international integration of the firms connected with the crystal industry in the regio