16 research outputs found
Inclusion characterisation – tool for measurement of steel cleanliness and process control: Part 1
Experimental and theoretical studies of the motion generated by a two-frequency magnetic field at the free surface of a gallium pool
Microstructures and Formation of Tundish Clogging Deposits in Ti-Alloyed Al-Killed Steel
Effects of clogging, argon injection, and continuous casting conditions on flow and air aspiration in submerged entry nozzles
Turbulent flow of liquid steel and argon bubbles in slide-gate tundish nozzles: Part I. model development and validation
Using Computational Thermodynamics to Understand the Evolution of Solidification Segregation during Steel Processing
Decreased darunavir concentrations during once-daily co-administration with maraviroc and raltegravir: OPTIPRIM-ANRS 147 trial
International audienceBackgroundThe OPTIPRIM-ANRS 147 trial compared intensive combination ART (darunavir/ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, raltegravir and maraviroc) started early during primary HIV-1 infection with standard tritherapy with darunavir/ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. From month 6 to 18, the percentage of viral load values <50 copies/mL was lower in the pentatherapy arm than in the tritherapy arm. Here we compared antiretroviral drug concentrations between the two arms.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 50 patients at various times after drug administration. A Bayesian approach based on published population pharmacokinetic models was used to estimate residual drug concentrations (Ctrough) and exposures (AUC) in each patient. A mixed linear regression model was then used to compare the AUC and Ctrough values of each drug used in both groups.ResultsPublished models adequately described our data and could be used to predict Ctrough and AUC. No significant difference in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine and ritonavir parameters was found between the two arms. However, darunavir Ctrough and AUC were significantly lower in the pentatherapy arm than in the tritherapy arm (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively).ConclusionsAdding maraviroc and raltegravir to darunavir-based tritherapy decreased darunavir concentrations. Compliance issues, maraviroc–darunavir interaction and raltegravir–darunavir interaction were suspected and may affect the kinetics of viral decay during pentatherapy. A specific pharmacokinetic interaction study is needed to explore the interactions between darunavir and maraviroc and raltegravir