Justice and Natural Resources: Concepts, Strategies, and Applications

This digital resource contains only an abstract, cover image and table of contents information from the published book. Print copy of book is available in the University of Colorado\u27s Wise Law Library: http://128.138.161.92/record=b257401 Contents: PART ONE : FRAMEWORKS: Beyond traditional environmental justice / David H. Getches, David N. Pellow -- Assessing claims of environmental justice : conceptual frameworks / Gary C. Bryner -- Water, poverty, equity, and justice in Colorado : a pragmatic approach / James l. Wescoat Jr., Sarah Halvorson, Lisa Headington, Jill Replogle -- International environmental protection : human rights and North-South divide / Tseming Yang -- PART TWO : CONCEPTS: The coincidental order of environmental injustice / Jeff Romm -- Environmental justice in an era of devolved collaboration / Sheila Foster -- Tribal sovereignty and environmental justice / Sarah Krakoff -- PART THREE : STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS: Expanding civil rights protections in contested terrain : using Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 / Luke W. Cole -- Forest management and environmental justice in northern New Mexico / Henry H. Carey -- NEPA in Indian Country : compliance requirement to decision-making tool / Dean B. Suagee -- A framework to assess environmental justice concerns for proposed federal projects / Jan Buhrmann -- Protecting natural resources and the issue of environmental justice / Barry E. Hill, Nicholas Targ -- Mineral development : protecting the land and communities / Kathryn M. Mutz -- CONCLUSION: Hoping against history : environmental justice in the twenty-first century / Patricia Nelson Limerickhttps://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies/1133/thumbnail.jp

Two European Cornus L. feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion

Antispila treitschkiella (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1843) and A. petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. were regarded as synonymous since 1978, but are shown to be two clearly separated species with different hostplants, life histories, DNA barcodes and morphology. Antispila treitschkiella feeds on Cornus mas L., is bivoltine, and has, by following its ornamentally planted host, greatly expanded its range in north-western Europe. In contrast A. petryi feeds on the widespread native C. sanguinea L., is univoltine, and is one of only two Antispila species previously resident in the British Isles, the Netherlands and northern Europe. Consequently, the increase in abundance of A. treitschkiella in the Netherlands since the early 1990s and in Great Britain in recent years must be regarded as part of a recent expansion into north-western Europe, whereas the native A. petryi is hardly expanding and less abundant. In Britain, detailed surveys of parks and living collections confirmed the monophagy of these two species. A search of British herbarium samples provided no evidence for an earlier date of establishment. Information on recognition of all stages, including DNA barcodes, and distribution is provided, and these two species are compared with the third European Cornus L. leafminer, A. metallella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Prosthetic Knee

Amputations, specifically lower limb amputations, are common in Sub Saharan Africa and across the broader global community largely due to infection and disease. Our project, The Prosthetic Knee Team, partners with the orthopedic workshop at the CURE International Hospital in Kijabe, Kenya to create a prosthetic knee design for a specific type of amputation known as a Knee Disarticulation (also called through-knee). Currently, the orthopedic workshop is only able to provide one very expensive prosthetic knee option for these patients, and they often elect to undergo a second surgery, a trans-femoral amputation, because the cost of the second surgery and trans-femoral prosthesis combined is less than the currently available through-knee prosthetic. The goal of our project is to provide the orthopedic workshop with a manufacturable prosthetic knee design that provides through-knee amputees with a cheaper prosthetic option and removes the need to have a second amputation above the knee. Throughout the past two semesters, our focus was on organizing collected data, researching knee-disarticulations, and communicating with our client to more fully understand the scope of our project. After determining that moving forward our project will be manufacturing the prosthetic knees at Messiah College’s machine shop and shipping them to CURE Kenya to be fit on patients, we began to brainstorm potential design ideas. We are presently working on modifying and improving our chosen design to best meet all of the specifications laid out by our partner. Those specifications include minimized thigh-lengthening, low weight, maximized stability and durability, and aesthetically pleasing.https://mosaic.messiah.edu/engr2020/1017/thumbnail.jp

Exercise Training Prevents the Perivascular Adipose Tissue-induced Aortic Dysfunction with Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of exercise training on improving the thoracic perivascularadipose tissue (tPVAT) phenotype (inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteasome function) in metabolic syn-drome and its subsequent actions on aortic function.Methods:Lean and obese (model of metabolic syndrome) Zucker rats (n=8/group) underwent 8-weeks ofcontrol conditions or treadmill exercise (70% of max speed, 1 h/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the inter-vention, the tPVAT was removed and conditioned media was made. The cleaned aorta was attached to a forcetransducer to assess endothelium-dependent and independent dilation in the presence or absence of tPVAT-conditioned media. tPVAT gene expression, inflammatory /oxidative phenotype, and proteasome function wereassessed.Results:The mainfindings were that Ex induced: (1) a beige-like, anti-inflammatory tPVAT phenotype; (2) agreater abundance of•NO in tPVAT; (3) a reduction in tPVAT oxidant production; and (4) an improved tPVATproteasome function. Regarding aortic function, endothelium-dependent dilation was greater in exercised leanand obese groups vs. controls (p \u3c 0.05). Lean control tPVAT improved aortic relaxation, whereas obese controltPVAT decreased aortic relaxation. In contrast, the obese Ex-tPVAT increased aortic dilation, whereas the leanEx-tPVAT did not affect aortic dilation.Conclusion:Overall, exercise had the most dramatic impact on the obese tPVAT reflecting a change towards anenvironment with less oxidant load, less inflammation and improved proteasome function. Such beneficialchanges to the tPVAT micro-environment with exercise likely played a significant role in mediating the im-provement in aortic function in metabolic syndrome following 8 weeks of exercise

Estradiol-independent restoration of T-cell function in post-reproductive females

Aging leads to a general decline in protective immunity. The most common age-associated effects are in seen T-cell mediated immune function. Adult mice whose immune systems show only moderate changes in T-cell subsets tend to live longer than age-matched siblings that display extensive T-cell subset aging. Importantly, at the time of reproductive decline, the increase in disease risks in women significantly outpace those of men. In female mice, there is a significant decline in central and peripheral naïve T-cell subsets at the time of reproductive failure. Available evidence indicates that this naïve T-cell decline is sensitive to ovarian function and can be reversed in post-reproductive females by transplantation of young ovaries. The restoration of naïve T-cell subsets due to ovarian transplantation was impressive compared with post-reproductive control mice, but represented only a partial recovery of what was lost from 6 months of age. Apparently, the influence of ovarian function on immune function may be an indirect effect, likely moderated by other physiological functions. Estradiol is significantly reduced in post-reproductive females, but was not increased in post-reproductive females that received new ovaries, suggesting an estradiol-independent, but ovarian-dependent influence on immune function. Further evidence for an estradiol-independent influence includes the restoration of immune function through the transplantation of young ovaries depleted of follicles and through the injection of isolated ovarian somatic cells into the senescent ovaries of old mice. While the restoration of naïve T-cell populations represents only a small part of the immune system, the ability to reverse this important functional parameter independent of estradiol may hold promise for the improvement of post-reproductive female immune health. Further studies of the non-reproductive influence of the ovary will be needed to elucidate the mechanisms of the relationship between the ovary and health

The course of pain drawings during a 10-week treatment period in patients with acute and sub-acute low back pain

BACKGROUND: Pain drawings are widely used as an assessment of patients' subjective pain in low back pain patients being considered for surgery. Less work has been done on primary health care patients. Moreover, the possible correlation between pain drawing modalities and other pain assessment methods, such as pain score and functional variables needs to be described. Thus, the objectives were to describe the course of pain drawings during treatment in primary health care for low back pain patients. METHODS: 160 primary health care outpatients with acute or sub-acute low back pain were studied during 10 weeks of a stay active concept versus manual therapy in addition to the stay active concept. The patients filled out 3 pain drawings each, at baseline and after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment. In addition the patients also reported pain and functional variables during the 3 measurement periods. RESULTS: The proportion of areas marked, the mean number of areas marked (pain drawing score), mean number of modalities used (area score), and the proportion of patients with pain radiation all decreased during the 10-week treatment period. Most of the improvement occurred during the first half of the period. The seven different pain modalities in the pain drawing were correlated to pain and functional variables. In case of no radiation some modalities were associated with more pain and disability than others, a finding that grew stronger over time. For patients with pain radiation, the modality differences were smaller and inconsistent. CONCLUSION: Pain modalities are significantly correlated with pain and functional variables. There is a shift from painful modalities to less painful ones over time

Pre-divorce problems in 3-year-olds: a prospective study in boys and girls

Objective: We examined to what extent internalizing and externalizing problems at age 3 preceded and predicted parental divorce, and if divorce and the time lapse since divorce were related to internalizing and externalizing problems at age 12. Methods: Parental ratings of internalizing and externalizing problems were collected with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in a large sample (N = 6,426) of 3-yearold children. All these children were followed through the age of 12 years, at which parents completed the CBCL again, while teachers completed the Teacher's Report Form. Children whose parents divorced between age 3 and age 12 were compared with children whose families remained intact. Results: Girls whose parents divorced between ages 3 and 12 already showed more externalizing problems at age 3 than girls whose parents stayed married. Higher levels of externalizing problems in girls at age 3 predicted later parental divorce. Parental reports indicated that 12-year-olds with divorced parents showed more internalizing and externalizing problems than children with married parents. Levels of teacher-reported problems were not different between children with married versus divorced parents. However, children whose parents divorced between ages 3 and 12 showed more teacher-rated internalizing problems at age 12 when the divorce was more recent than when the divorce was less recent. Parental ratings of both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 12 were not associated with the time lapse since divorce. Conclusion: Externalizing problems in girls precede and predict later parental divorce. Post-divorce problems in children vary by raters, and may depend on the time lapse since divorce