The Sudden Dominance of blaCTX–M Harbouring Plasmids in Shigella spp. Circulating in Southern Vietnam

Shigellosis is a disease caused by bacteria belonging to Shigella spp. and is a leading cause of bacterial gastrointestinal infections in infants in unindustrialized countries. The Shigellae are dynamic and capable of rapid change when placed under selective pressure in a human population. Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of degrading cephalosporins (a group of antimicrobial agents) and the genes that encode them are common in pathogenic E. coli and other related organisms in industrialized countries. In southern Vietnam, we have isolated multiple cephalosporin-resistant Shigella that express ESBLs. Furthermore, over two years these strains have replaced strains isolated from patients with shigellosis that cannot express ESBLs. Our work describes the genes responsible for this characteristic and we investigate one of the elements carrying one of these genes. These finding have implications for treatment of shigellosis and support the growing necessity for vaccine development. Our findings also may be pertinent for other countries undergoing a similar economic transition to Vietnam's and the corresponding effect on bacterial populations

Electrocrystallisation of TiN in presence of organic additives in view of the synthesis of NiP/Sn multilayers

A successful electrolytic synthesis of compositionally modulated multilayers with small sublayer thicknesses requires a planar growth mode. In that respect it was experienced that for the synthesis of NiP/Sn multilayers organic additives have to be added to the tin electrolyte. However not all organic additives seem to be active on the P-enriched NiP sublayers, resulting in a tin island formation instead of the 2D growth required. In this paper several commercially available organic additives are evaluated as well as ''self-composed'' ones. Potentiodynamic polarisation and potential-time measurements during pulse current deposition coupled with a morphological investigation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are discussed.status: publishe

Influence of laser treatment on metal electroplating

Translated from Bulgarian (Mashinostroene 1987 v. 64(11) p. 505-507)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9022.06(BISI-Trans--27263)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo