701 research outputs found
First Record of \u3ci\u3eOchlerotatus Japonicus\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Culicidae) in St. Joseph County, Indiana
A single female specimen of Ochlerotatus japonicus (Theobald)(formerly Aedes japonicus), the Asian bush mosquito, was captured in St. Joseph County, IN on 29 July 2004. This is the first report of that species in northern Indiana. Additional specimens were subsequently collected, indicating probable establishment throughout the county
Same-Sex Social Behavior in Meadow Voles: Multiple and Rapid Formation of Attachments
Adult meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) are solitary in the springβsummer reproductive season, but during winter months, females and males are socially tolerant and aggregate in groups. This behavioral difference is triggered by day length: female meadow voles housed in short, winterlike day lengths form same-sex partner preferences, whereas those housed in long, summer-like day lengths are less social. The present study demonstrates that same-sex social attachments in short day lengths are not exclusive; females formed concurrent attachments with more than one individual, and with non-kin as well as siblings. Partner preferences between females were established within one day of cohousing and did not intensify with greater durations of cohabitation. Males also formed same-sex social attachments, but unlike female affiliative behavior, male partner preferences were not significantly affected by day length. These data are discussed in the context of field behavior and the physiological mechanisms supporting social behavior in voles
A Neuroscientist\u27s Guide to the Vole
Prairie voles have emerged as an important rodent model for understanding the neuroscience of social behavior. Prairie voles are well known for their capacity for pair bonding and alloparental care. These behavioral phenomena overlap with human social behavior but are not commonly observed in traditional rodent models. In this article, we highlight the many benefits of using prairie voles in neuroscience research. We begin by describing the advantages of using diverse and non-traditional study models. We then focus on social behaviors, including pair bonding, alloparental care, and peer interactions, that have brought voles to the forefront of social neuroscience. We describe many additional features of prairie vole biology and behavior that provide researchers with opportunities to address an array of research questions. We also survey neuroethological methods that have been used with prairie voles, from classic to modern techniques. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of other vole species, particularly meadow voles, and their own unique advantages for neuroscience studies. This article provides a foundation for researchers who are new to working with voles, as well as for experienced neuroscientists who want to expand their research scope
Sex differences in the Onset of Seasonal Reproductive Quiescence in Hamsters
Day length is the primary cue used by many mammals to restrict reproduction to favourable spring and summer months, but it is unknown for any mammal whether the seasonal loss of fertility begins at the same time and occurs at the same rate in females and males; nor it established whether the termination of mating behaviour in males and females coincides with the loss of fertility. We speculated that females, owing to their greater energetic investment in reproduction, are the limiting sex in terminating offspring production in short days (SDs). Oestrous cycles and production of young were monitored in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) transferred from long days (LDs) to SDs. Females were mated to LD males after three to eight weeks of SD treatment; in a parallel experiment, males housed in SDs were mated to LD females. After five and eight weeks in SDs, at least twice as many males as females were fertile. Both males and females continued to copulate for several weeks after becoming infertile. The onset of seasonal infertility occurs earlier in females than males and the decline in fertility precedes the seasonal loss of mating behaviour in both sexes
Studies of the Genus Scaphoideus (Homoptera, Cicadellildae). Part II, Nine New North American Species and Descriptions of Five Male Allotypes
Author Institution: Ohio State Universit
An assessment of health hazard/health risk appraisal.
A state-of-the-art review of a widely-used health promotion technique, the health hazard/health risk appraisal (HHA/HRA), was conducted. The review included preparing a 212-item annotated bibliography, compiling an inventory of 217 programs that have used HHA/HRA, holding discussions with HHA/HRA developers and users, conducting formal site visits to 15 HHA/HRA programs, and consultation with experts on epidemiology, biostatistics, and behavioral science as well as developers and users of HHA/HRA. Programs use HHA/HRA primarily as a promotional device, as a tool for structuring education about health-related behaviors, and as a motivational device for stimulating behavioral change. The scientific basis for HHA/HRA risk predictions is problematic, but their arithmetic imprecision is of less concern than insufficiency of the scientific evidence for certain behavioral recommendations, and inaccuracies in client-supplied data. Widely-held beliefs in HHA/HRA's efficacy for motivating behavioral change cannot be substantiated from available evidence, nor can the assumed absence of adverse effects. The importance of this particular health promotion technique appears to have been exaggerated
Naked Mole-Rat Social Phenotypes Vary in Investigative and Aggressive Behavior in a Laboratory Partner Preference Paradigm
Here we employed the partner preference test (PPT) to examine how naked mole-rat non-breeding individuals of different behavioral phenotypes make social decisions. Naked mole-rats from six colonies were classified into three behavioral phenotypes (soldiers, dispersers, and workers) using a battery of behavioral tests. They then participated in a 3 h long PPT, where they could freely interact with a tethered familiar or tethered unfamiliar conspecific. By comparing the three behavioral phenotypes, we tested the hypothesis that the PPT can be used to interrogate social decision-making in this species, revealing individual differences in behavior that are consistent with discrete social phenotypes. We also tested whether a shorter, 10 min version of the paradigm is sufficient to capture group differences in behavior. Overall, soldiers had higher aggression scores toward unfamiliar conspecifics than both workers and dispersers at the 10 min and 3 h comparison times. At the 10 min comparison time, workers showed a stronger preference for the familiar animalβs chamber, as well as for investigating the familiar conspecific, compared to both dispersers and soldiers. At the 3 h time point, no phenotype differences were seen with chamber or investigation preference scores. Overall, all phenotypes spent more time in chambers with another animal vs. being alone. Use of the PPT in a comparative context has demonstrated that the test identifies species and group differences in affiliative and aggressive behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar animals, revealing individual differences in social decision-making and, importantly, capturing aspects of species-specific social organization seen in nature
Septal Oxytocin Administration Impairs Peer Affiliation via V1a Receptors in Female Meadow Voles
The peptide hormone oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in social behaviors, including social bond formation. In different contexts, however, OT is also associated with aggression, social selectivity, and reduced affiliation. Female meadow voles form social preferences for familiar same-sex peers under short, winter-like day lengths in the laboratory, and provide a means of studying affiliation outside the context of reproductive pair bonds. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the actions of OT in the lateral septum (LS) may decrease affiliative behavior, including greater density of OT receptors in the LS of meadow voles that huddle less. We infused OT into the LS of female meadow voles immediately prior to cohabitation with a social partner to determine its effects on partner preference formation. OT prevented the formation of preferences for the partner female. Co-administration of OT with a specific OT receptor antagonist did not reverse the effect, but co-administration of OT with a specific vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist did, indicating that OT in the LS likely acted through V1aRs to decrease partner preference. Receptor autoradiography revealed dense V1aR binding in the LS of female meadow voles. These results suggest that the LS is a brain region that may be responsible for inhibitory effects of OT administration on affiliation, which will be important to consider in therapeutic administrations of OT
Combined antiproliferative activity of imatinib mesylate (STI-571) with radiation or cisplatin in vitro
Little is known about the interaction of novel anticancer drugs with other treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of combining imatinib mesylate (STI-571) with radiation or cisplatin on the survival of two human solid tumor cell lines β SKNMC cells derived from Ewing sarcoma and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods: Cell proliferation was determined using the sulphorodamine B cytotoxicity assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed with flow cytometry. Apoptosis was determined using a commercial cell death ELISA plus kit. Phosphorylated AKT, which has been suggested to be involved in radiation resistance, was detected by Western blot analysis. Results: Exposure of SKNMC cells to STI-571 resulted in a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect and a decrease in phosphorylated AKT expression. There was no evidence of apoptosis. The combination of STI-571 with radiation or cisplatin had an additive antiproliferative effect in SKNMC cells (60% reduction in cell number). A similar effect was observed in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion: STI-571 improves the outcome of cisplatin or irradiation treatment in vitro. AKT pathway may play a role in the additive effect of STI-571 and irradiation.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ±Π° (STI-571) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌ β ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ SKNMC, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ MCF-7. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° B. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ,
Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° β Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ€Π. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ ΠΠΠ’,
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½-Π±Π»ΠΎΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ SKNMC STI-571 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
AKT, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ STI-571 ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ SKNMC (60% ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ). ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ MCF-7. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ STI-571 ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
in, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ AK
- β¦