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Distribution and diversity of exotic plant species in montane to alpine areas of Kosciuszko National Park

Author: Bear Roxana
Hill Wendy
Pickering Catherine M.
Publication venue
Publication date: 18/07/2013
Field of study

Diversity and distribution of exotic plant taxa in Kosciuszko National Park in south-eastern Australia were reviewed based on 1103 records of exotics from 18 vegetation surveys conducted between 1986 and 2004. 154 taxa from 23 families were recorded in the alpine to montane zones, with eleven taxa in the alpine, 128 taxa in the subalpine and 69 taxa in the montane zone. Nearly all taxa were associated with anthropogenic disturbance with only four taxa exclusively recorded in natural areas. 62 taxa were recorded from subalpine ski resort gardens, and although not recorded as naturalised in the vegetation surveys, their presence in the Park is a concern. Road verges provided habitat for numerous exotics (65 taxa). 44 taxa were recorded in both disturbed and natural locations but most were uncommon (33 taxa < 2% frequency). Nine common taxa Acetosella vulgaris, Achillea millefolium, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cerastium spp., Dactylis glomerata, Hypochaeris radicata, Taraxacum officinale and Trifolium repens comprised 68% of records. These species are common to disturbed areas in other areas of Kosciuszko National Park, NSW and worldwide. The forb Acetosella vulgaris was the most ubiquitous species particularly in natural areas where it was recorded at 36% frequency. Based on the data presented here and a recent review of other data sets, there are at least 231 exotic taxa in the Park (including exotics in gardens). The increasing diversity and abundance of exotics is a threat to the natural values of this Park

Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main

Topic Units in Planned Written Discourse

Author: Bear Jean M.
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/01/1983
Field of study

The description of 'topic units' presented in this paper began as an attempt to describe paragraph structure. Those who write about paragraphs, however, seem to agree on only two things: a paragraph begins with an indentation, and it is composed of sentences. In the search for a different point of view, I have adopted the assumption that 'clauses', not 'sentences', are the basic unit for constructing texts. Thus the approach used in this paper was to ignore sentences and paragraphs and to consider only clauses as I looked for an answer to the question, "Is there any formal unit of written text in English beyond the sentence?" In answering the question I have applied notions about topic-comment relationships in single sentences to the analysis of the surface structure of longer segments of text. I will suggest that the surface structure of text is organized as a series of sets of clauses grouped into what is here called 'topic units' and that topic units have formal characteristics of their own

ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa