The use of methyl methacrylate cranioplasty in forehead reconstruction

The use of methyl methacrylate for forehead reconstruction in congenital anomalies, tumor infection, trauma and cosmetic defects is presented. Seventy-one cases are analyzed with long term follow-up. The complication rate is low and the operating time is short. This is recommended as a rapid and safe method of forehead reconstruction. It should be avoided in the growing child and if there is any suggestion of direct connection with sinuses.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46679/1/238_2004_Article_BF00298947.pd

Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 is upregulated in sera and tumors of ovarian cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>New biomarkers that replace or are used in conjunction with the current ovarian cancer diagnostic antigen, CA125, are needed for detection of ovarian cancer in the presurgical setting, as well as for detection of disease recurrence. We previously demonstrated the upregulation of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) in the sera of ovarian cancer patients compared to healthy women using quantitative mass spectrometry.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>LRG1 was quantified by ELISA in serum from two relatively large cohorts of women with ovarian cancer and benign gynecological disease. The expression of LRG1 in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines was examined by gene microarray, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, immunocytochemistry and mass spectrometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean serum LRG1 was higher in 58 ovarian cancer patients than in 56 healthy women (89.33 ± 77.90 vs. 42.99 ± 9.88 ug/ml; p = 0.0008) and was highest among stage III/IV patients. In a separate set of 193 pre-surgical samples, LRG1 was higher in patients with serous or clear cell ovarian cancer (145.82 ± 65.99 ug/ml) compared to patients with benign gynecological diseases (82.53 ± 76.67 ug/ml, p < 0.0001). CA125 and LRG1 levels were moderately correlated (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001). <it>LRG1 </it>mRNA levels were higher in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts when analyzed by gene microarray and RT-PCR. LRG1 protein was detected in ovarian cancer tissue samples and cell lines by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Multiple iosforms of LRG1 were observed by Western blot and were shown to represent different glycosylation states by digestion with glycosidase. LRG1 protein was also detected in the conditioned media of ovarian cancer cell culture by ELISA, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Serum LRG1 was significantly elevated in women with ovarian cancer compared to healthy women and women with benign gynecological disease, and was only moderately correlated with CA125. Ovarian cancer cells secrete LRG1 and may contribute directly to the elevated levels of LRG1 observed in the serum of ovarian cancer patients. Future studies will determine whether LRG1 may serve as a biomarker for presurgical diagnosis, disease recurrence, and/or as a target for therapy.</p

Characterization and quantification of postharvest losses of apple fruit stored under commercial conditions.

The objectives of this study were to characterize and quantify postharvest losses of apples under commercial conditions in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Two experiments were conducted using ?Gala? and ?Fuji? apples. The first experiment was to characterize and quantify the most important causes of loss of fruit treated or not treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) then held in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. This experiment was conducted in commercial storage facilities from 2007 to 2010. In each year, 10 samples of &#8776;380 kg each for ?Gala? and 400 kg each for ?Fuji? were collected from bins of commercially harvested fruit from each of 15 ?Gala? and 17 ?Fuji? orchards. Half of the samples from each orchard were treated with 1-MCP at harvest. Fruit were stored in CA, at 0.7 °C, for 150 to 300 days. After storage, one subsample of 100 disorder-free apples were selected from each sample and held at 22 °C for 7 days to simulate shelf-life conditions. The fruit were analyzed after CA storage and shelf life for the incidence of disorders. The second experiment was conducted in 2011 to identify the main fungi causing decay during storage. In this study, apples were stored in 10 commercial CA storage rooms at 0.7 °C for 180 to 240 days. After storage, fruit with decay symptoms were collected at the commercial sorting line. A total of 10 samples of 100 decayed apples were taken throughout the sorting period for each cultivar and storage room. The fungal decays were identified by visual symptoms on each fruit. Total apple losses during storage varied from 3.9% to 12.1% for ?Gala? and 6.6% to 8.4% for ?Fuji?, depending on the year and 1-MCP treatment. During storage, deterioration caused by fungal decay was &#8776;60% and 80% of total losses for ?Gala? and ?Fuji?, respectively. During shelf life, additional losses caused by fungal decay ranged from 8.4% to 17.6% for ?Gala? and 12.4% to 27.2% for ?Fuji?, depending on the year. Senescent breakdown and superficial scald were the major physiological disorders. 1-MCP treatment had no effect on losses due to decay. Bull?s-eye rot, blue mold, gray mold, and alternaria rot were the most prevalent fungal decay symptoms, accounting for 52%, 27%, 9% and 10% of ?Gala? losses and 42%, 25%, 18% and 5% of ?Fuji? losses, respectively. Sources of variability for losses among years and orchards is discussed

The response of Monalisa apples to high CO2 storage conditions, harvest maturity and 1-MCP treatment.

This study aimed to determine the effects of harvest maturity, 1-MCP treatment and storage conditions with high CO2 partial pressures on ?Monalisa? apples physicochemical quality and susceptibility to physiological disorders and decay during long-term storage, plus 7 d of shelf life at 22 &#9702;C. The study was composed by two experiments. In Experiment 1, fruit were harvested in one growing season (2011) at the same maturity stage and were treated or not treated with 1-MCP (1 &#956;L L-1). In Experiment 2, fruit were harvested in two growing seasons (2019 and 2020), at two maturity stages. In both experiments, all fruit were stored under CA with four CO2 partial pressure (0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 kPa) and regular air (RA, standard of comparison) for 6 or 7 months at 0.8 &#9702;C, plus 7 d shelf life at 22 &#9702;C. CA was very effective on delaying fruit ripening, senescent disorders and decay incidences, regardless of the CO2 partial pressure. However, under CA, ?Monalisa? apples were very susceptible to CO2 injury, expressed as dark flesh browning and cavities that were exacerbated with increasing CO2 partial pressures. Therefore, ?Monalisa? apples should be stored under CA with CO2 no higher than 0.5 kPa. The response of ?Monalisa? apples to high CO2 is more pronounced in late harvested fruit, which were also more prone to develop senescent flesh browning, cracking and rough skin. 1-MCP application had no effect on ?Monalisa? apple susceptibility to CO2 damages, while it reduced fruit softening and acidity loss in both RA and CA storages

Papilomatose de laringe

Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most frequent benign neoplasm of the larynx, occurring in children and adults. It is caused by the human papilloma virus, especially types 6 and 11. The clinical course is unpredictable and recurrence is frequent in children. There have been reports of association between this disease and tracheobronchial tree and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Papillomatosis is probably one of thefactors that can predispose a patient to the development of cancer, similarly to alcohol, tobacco, and radiation exposure.Treatment aims at maintaining airway patency and speech. Surgery with carbon dioxide laser is able to achieve this objective, however, without preventing recidivation. The low rates of surgical cure have been stimulating new research with chemotherapics. Unfortunately these have not been successful. Their main purpose is to reduce the extension of the disease and rates of recidivation, slowing down papilloma growth.The present study reviews pathophysiology, the clinical presentation and treatment aspects .A papilomatose de laringe é a neoplasia benigna que mais freqüentemente acomete a laringe, tanto em crianças quanto em adultos. É causada pelo papiloma vírus humano, em especial pelos tipos 6 e 11. A apresentação clínica é variável e a evolução praticamente imprevisível, devido especialmente ao alto grau de recorrência típico desta entidade. Existem diversos relatos que demonstram associação entre estadoença e o carcinoma de células escamosas de laringe e de árvore traqueobrônquica. Acredita-se que a papilomatose seja um dos fatores que predisponham o paciente ao câncer, assim como o são o álcool, o fumo e a exposição à radiação ionizante. O objetivo do tratamento é a manutenção da via aérea e da função vocal. Para tanto, a microcirurgia com laser tem demonstrado os melhores resultados, apesar de nãoimpedir as recorrências. Assim, os pobres índices de cura cirúrgica têm estimulado o desenvolvimento de estudos com quimioterápicos. A proposta do uso destes é reduzir a extensão da doença e a freqüência das recidivas, lentificando o crescimento do papiloma. Essas terapias adjuvantes, entretanto, ainda apresentam pouco sucesso a longo prazo. Realizamos aqui uma revisão da literatura a respeito do assunto, com ênfase nos aspectos de fisiopatologia, apresentação clínica e tratamento