PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ISLAMIC CENTER DI KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

The Islamic Center in Lumajang district is a religious institution as a center for the development and development of religion and Islamic culture in a continuous and directed, so as to realize an active and dynamic religious life in the community towards the full development of people, which emphasizes on non-formal education in a mass. The pattern of activities of Islamic Center in Lumajang Regency which will be planned to have the scope of service area of Lumajang Regency and its surroundings, the emphasis of operational activities that include ritual, social and commercial activities with attention to the potential of Islam and local cultural characteristic so that its existence can be an integral part of growth society is increasingly dinamis.Pendekatan on the analysis of the Islamic Center in Lumajang District Planning approach Islamic Center in Lumajang using suppression approach that includes design: geometry approach in Islamic architecture, facade precedent geometry in architecture, approach to offenders and activity, and the amount of space studies. The main activity groups include: building guidance of ummah (such as mosque, multipurpose room, da'wah media), administration and management building (management building), education building (Madrasyah, library building). Supporting activity groups include: (food court), service activities service buildings.Keywords: Planning, Islamic Center, Lumajang Distric

Indentation and Scratching with a Rotating Adhesive Tool: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

For the specific case of a spherical diamond nanoparticle with 10 nm radius rolling over a planar Fe surface, we employ molecular dynamics simulation to study the processes of indentation and scratching. The particle is rotating (rolling). We focus on the influence of the adhesion force between the nanoparticle and the surface on the damage mechanisms on the surface; the adhesion is modeled by a pair potential with arbitrarily prescribed value of the adhesion strength. With increasing adhesion, the following effects are observed. The load needed for indentation decreases and so does the effective material hardness; this effect is considerably more pronounced than for a non-rotating particle. During scratching, the tangential force, and hence the friction coefficient, increase. The torque needed to keep the particle rolling adds to the total work for scratching; however, for a particle rolling without slip on the surface the total work is minimum. In this sense, a rolling particle induces the most efficient scratching process. For both indentation and scratching, the length of the dislocation network generated in the substrate reduces. After leaving the surface, the particle is (partially) covered with substrate atoms and the scratch groove is roughened. We demonstrate that these effects are based on substrate atom transport under the rotating particle from the front towards the rear; this transport already occurs for a repulsive particle but is severely intensified by adhesion

Influence of the Rake Angle on Nanocutting of Fe Single Crystals: A Molecular-Dynamics Study

Using molecular dynamics simulation, we study the cutting of an Fe single crystal using tools with various rake angles α. We focus on the (110)[001] cut system, since here, the crystal plasticity is governed by a simple mechanism for not too strongly negative rake angles. In this case, the evolution of the chip is driven by the generation of edge dislocations with the Burgers vector b = 1 2 [111], such that a fixed shear angle of φ = 54.7◦ is established. It is independent of the rake angle of the tool. The chip form is rectangular, and the chip thickness agrees with the theoretical result calculated for this shear angle from the law of mass conservation. We find that the force angle χ between the direction of the force and the cutting direction is independent of the rake angle; however, it does not obey the predictions of macroscopic cutting theories, nor the correlations observed in experiments of (polycrystalline) cutting of mild steel. Only for (strongly) negative rake angles, the mechanism of plasticity changes, leading to a complex chip shape or even suppressing the formation of a chip. In these cases, the force angle strongly increases while the friction angle tends to zero

Influence of the Rake Angle on Nanocutting of Fe Single Crystals: A Molecular-Dynamics Study

Using molecular dynamics simulation, we study the cutting of an Fe single crystal using tools with various rake angles α. We focus on the (110)[001] cut system, since here, the crystal plasticity is governed by a simple mechanism for not too strongly negative rake angles. In this case, the evolution of the chip is driven by the generation of edge dislocations with the Burgers vector b = 1 2 [111], such that a fixed shear angle of φ = 54.7◦ is established. It is independent of the rake angle of the tool. The chip form is rectangular, and the chip thickness agrees with the theoretical result calculated for this shear angle from the law of mass conservation. We find that the force angle χ between the direction of the force and the cutting direction is independent of the rake angle; however, it does not obey the predictions of macroscopic cutting theories, nor the correlations observed in experiments of (polycrystalline) cutting of mild steel. Only for (strongly) negative rake angles, the mechanism of plasticity changes, leading to a complex chip shape or even suppressing the formation of a chip. In these cases, the force angle strongly increases while the friction angle tends to zero

Penataan Kawasan Permukiman Sekip Bendung Palembang yang Antisipatif Terhadap Masalah Banjir

Settlement area is an area where many people inhabit and live in and do activity and socialize among them. In accordance with the rapid growth and increasing economic level, new settlement areas in which are inappropriate with the land usage emerge. The emergence of the new settlement areas can lead to several urban problems such as slums, congestion, natural disasters, like flood and so forth. One of the settlement areas that regularly overcomes flood is a settlement area �Sekip Bendung Palembang�. The flood in this area brings many disadvantages of either property or human life. There are several causes of flood in this area, such as reduction of infiltration areas, drainage dimensions that are not in accordance with the calculations, and lack of vegetation arrangement in this area. This study aims to (1) determining the existing condition of settlement area related to floo

Size of the Plastic Zone Produced by Nanoscratching

Nanoscratching of ductile materials creates plastic zones surrounding the scratch groove. We approximate the geometry of these zones by a semicylinder with its axis oriented along the scratch direction. The radius and the length of the cylinder, as well as the length of the dislocations in the network created quantify the plasticity generated. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we characterize the plastic zones in six metals with fcc, bcc, and hcp crystal structures. We find that the plastic zone sizes after scratch are comparable to those after indent. Due to dislocation reactions, the dislocation networks simplify, reducing the total length of dislocations. As a consequence, the average dislocation density in the plastic zone stays roughly constant. Individually, we find exceptions from this simple picture. Fcc metals show strong plastic activity, which even increases during scratch. The hcp metals on the other side show the least plastic activity. Here the plasticity may be strongly reduced during scratch and particularly during tip withdrawal.Fil: Alabd Alhafez, Iyad. University Kaiserslautern; AlemaniaFil: Ruestes, Carlos Javier. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Urbassek, Herbert M.. University Kaiserslautern; Alemani

Atomistic studies of nanoindentation: A review of recent advances

This review covers areas where our understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoindentation has been increased by atomistic studies of the nanoindentation process. While such studies have been performed now for more than 20 years, recent investigations have demonstrated that the peculiar features of nanoplasticity generated during indentation can be analyzed in considerable detail by this technique. Topics covered include: nucleation of dislocations in ideal crystals, effect of surface orientation, effect of crystallography (fcc, bcc, hcp), effect of surface and bulk damage on plasticity, nanocrystalline samples, and multiple (sequential) indentation. In addition we discuss related features, such as the influence of tip geometry on the indentation and the role of adhesive forces, and how pre-existing plasticity affects nanoindentation.Fil: Ruestes, Carlos Javier. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Alhafez, Iyad Alabd. University Kaiserslautern. Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS; AlemaniaFil: Urbassek, Herbert M.. University Kaiserslautern. Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS; Alemani

Shear-Transformation Zone Activation during Loading and Unloading in Nanoindentation of Metallic Glasses

Using molecular dynamics simulation, we study nanoindentation in large samples of Cu−Zr glass at various temperatures between zero and the glass transition temperature. We find that besides the elastic modulus, the yielding point also strongly (by around 50%) decreases with increasing temperature; this behavior is in qualitative agreement with predictions of the cooperative shear model. Shear-transformation zones (STZs) show up in increasing sizes at low temperatures, leading to shear-band activity. Cluster analysis of the STZs exhibits a power-law behavior in the statistics of STZ sizes. We find strong plastic activity also during the unloading phase; it shows up both in the deactivation of previous plastic zones and the appearance of new zones, leading to the observation of pop-outs. The statistics of STZs occurring during unloading show that they operate in a similar nature as the STZs found during loading. For both cases, loading and unloading, we find the statistics of STZs to be related to directed percolation. Material hardness shows a weak strain-rate dependence, confirming previously reported experimental findings; the number of pop-ins is reduced at slower indentation rate. Analysis of the dependence of our simulation results on the quench rate applied during preparation of the glass shows only a minor effect on the properties of STZs

Shear-Transformation Zone Activation during Loading and Unloading in Nanoindentation of Metallic Glasses

Using molecular dynamics simulation, we study nanoindentation in large samples of Cu–Zr glass at various temperatures between zero and the glass transition temperature. We find that besides the elastic modulus, the yielding point also strongly (by around 50%) decreases with increasing temperature; this behavior is in qualitative agreement with predictions of the cooperative shear model. Shear-transformation zones (STZs) show up in increasing sizes at low temperatures, leading to shear-band activity. Cluster analysis of the STZs exhibits a power-law behavior in the statistics of STZ sizes. We find strong plastic activity also during the unloading phase; it shows up both in the deactivation of previous plastic zones and the appearance of new zones, leading to the observation of pop-outs. The statistics of STZs occurring during unloading show that they operate in a similar nature as the STZs found during loading. For both cases, loading and unloading, we find the statistics of STZs to be related to directed percolation. Material hardness shows a weak strain-rate dependence, confirming previously reported experimental findings; the number of pop-ins is reduced at slower indentation rate. Analysis of the dependence of our simulation results on the quench rate applied during preparation of the glass shows only a minor effect on the properties of STZs