Arab Spring or Arab Autumn: A Case Study of Eygpt and Syria

This study aims to identify causes and consequences of Arab Uprising in Egypt and Syria. The main objective of this research is to understand the terminologies that have been used to define the situation and major implications that have influenced the outcome of the revolution. Primary data has been generated to solve research problem. The methods used in this study to collect data were qualitative method and semi-structured interview. The findings of the study indicate that the term of ―Arab Spring is wrongly used in Syria and Egypt. Instead, the study found the best terminology that should be used in describing Arab Uprising is ―Arab Nightmare or ―Arab Autumns since the happiness of the people and prosperity of the country has fallen off. Also, the life of citizens after uprising become miserable and both countries have fallen in major aspects. The study also determined the factors that have caused the emergence of riots and protests in Egypt and Syria including unemployment, inflation, poverty, the lack of public services, the lack of freedom, domination, political exploitation, segregation, abusing power and corruption. The consequences of the uprising are the death of more than 140,000 Syrians, and more than 7000 others in Egypt despite the economic, social and political downturn. The study founds negative international role and indicates that international community failed to stop bloodshedding in Syria and military involvement in Egypt. In all, the study founds negative involvement of some countries such as Russia and Iran that are responsible for the killing of thousands in Syria. The findings of this study also identifies other factors that caused the failure of opposition groups in toppling Assad down from presidency other than Iran and Russia including Jihadist, Al-Qaeda affiliated groups and division between opposition groups. In conclusion, based on the consequence of the revolution and respondents, the Arab Autumn can become the most relevant terminology to define the uprising

Advanced Computational Methods in Bio-Mechanics

A novel partnership between surgeons and machines, made possible by advances in computing and engineering technology, could overcome many of the limitations of traditional surgery. By extending surgeons’ ability to plan and carry out surgical interventions more accurately and with fewer traumas, computer-integrated surgery (CIS) systems could help to improve clinical outcomes and the efficiency of healthcare delivery. CIS systems could have a similar impact on surgery to that long since realised in computer-integrated manufacturing. Mathematical modelling and computer simulation have proved tremendously successful in engineering.Computational mechanics has enabled technological developments in virtually every area of our lives. One of the greatest challenges for mechanists is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, the biomedical sciences, and medicine. Biomechanics has significant potential for applications in orthopaedic industry, and the performance arts since skills needed for these activities are visibly related to the human musculoskeletal and nervous systems.Although biomechanics is widely used nowadays in the orthopaedic industry to design orthopaedic implants for human joints, dental parts, external fixations and other medical purposes, numerous researches funded by billions of dollars are still running to build a new future for sports and human healthcare in what is called biomechanics era

The mediating and moderating effects on the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance: Organizational commitment and employee empowerment as mediator and Islamic culture as moderator

The main objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment and employees’ empowerment as well as the moderating role of Islamic culture on the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance of academicians in public universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The problem arises when the Saudi government restructured the higher education system. As a result, new job requirements lower the level of satisfaction, organisational commitment and decrease the performance of academic staff. Data were collected from five public universities in the Kingdom using a cross-sectional study design. There were 384 respondents selected using cluster random sampling. The study used survey and the questionnaires were personally-administered. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses in this study. The findings reveal that job performance depends on the degree of job satisfaction and employees’ empowerment. In contrast, the finding does not support the moderating effect of Islamic culture on the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance among the academicians. The results further show that organization commitment mediates between job satisfaction and job performance among the academicians. Furthermore, external job satisfaction does not have any significant influence on the job performance of the academicians. The results provide important insights to owners-managers, policy-makers and researchers to have a greater understanding on the effects of employee empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on organization performance. The policy makers of universities should emphasize on employees’ empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. It is also important to note that an over-concentration on Islamic culture may result in lower job performance. Policy-makers should encourage academicians to improve their organizational commitment and provide opportunities to the latter since employees’ empowerment encourages their job performance. Limitations of the present study and avenues for future research are also being discussed

Late Diagnosis of 5-α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency in an Adolescent Girl with Primary Amenorrhoea : Case report

Deficiency of the 5-α-reductase enzyme has been found to affect male sexual development. We report an 18-year-old patient who was referred to an endocrinology clinic in Jizan, Saudi Arabia, in April 2014 with primary amenorrhoea, virilisation and a lack of secondary sex characteristics. As female external genitalia were present at birth, she had been raised as a female. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed no uterine or ovarian tissue in the pelvis and the presence of a scrotal sac. She was diagnosed with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency, a 46,XY disorder of sexual development. Typically, affected males have pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias and ambiguous genitalia at birth. Individuals who have been raised as female manifest characteristics of virilisation at puberty, including deepening of the vocal tone, phallus enlargement, scrotal hyperpigmentation and increased muscle mass

Predictors of Clinical Outcomes of Flexible Ureterorenoscopy with Holmium Laser for Renal Stone Greater than 2 cm

Objective. To evaluate the clinical outcome of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) with holmium laser in managing renal stone greater than 2 cm. Patients and Methods. Records of 120 patients (123 renal units) with renal stone greater than 2 cm who underwent F-URS with holmium laser iwere evaluated. The mean stone size was 26.3 mm. Patient and stone characteristics, perioperative outcomes and complications were evaluated. The outcome was determined at 4 weeks on plain radiograph (KUB) and Non-contrast CT scan (NCCT). Follow-up visit was up to 6 months to evaluate the clinical outcome and patients symptoms. Results. Stone burden was an independent predictor of FURS results. After first session of treatment, success rate was obtained in 72 renal units (58.5%). On the other hand, significant residual fragment was encountered in 51 renal units (41.5%). This was improved with “staged-therapy” to 87% and 96.7% after second and third session of treatment, respectively. Complications were recorded. They were managed in proper manner accordingly. Conclusion. This is an attractive, safe and effective technique. It is an ideal option for low volume complex stone with average burdens of 2 to 3 cm. Patient should be informed and consented about staged-therapy

Effectiveness of Teaching Science Using (PDEODE) Strategy in the Achievement and in the Development of Meta-cognition Skills of the First Grade Middle School Students

This research aimed at identifying the effectiveness of teaching science utilizing (PDEODE) Strategy in the achievement and in the development of meta-cognition skills of the first grade middle school students at Asir region. To achieve this, the Pretest Post-Test control group design was utilized. Both the achievement and the meta cognition skill tests were administered to a sample of 40 students of the first grade middle school students. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group which consisted of 19 students and a controlled group which consisted of 21 students. The t-Test and eta square were utilized in statistical treatments and in calculating effect size. Results revealed statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 between mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post-assessment of the achievement and in meta-cognition skill tests favoring the experimental group. Results also indicated a great effect size of (PDEODE) strategy in the Achievement and in developing the meta-cognition skills of the first grade middle school students. Some recommendations and suggestions were presented in light of the research results

Magnetic and Optical properties of strained films of multiferroic GdMnO3

The effects of strain on a film of mulitferroic GdMnO3 are investigated using both magnetometry and magneto-optic spectroscopy. Optical spectra, in the energy range 1.5eV - 3.5eV, were taken in Faraday geometry in an applied magnetic field and also at remanence. This yielded rich information on the effects of strain on the spin ordering in these films. Epitaxial films of GdMnO3 were grown on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. The LaAlO3 was twinned and so produced a highly strained film whereas the strain was less for the film grown on SrTiO3. The Ne\'el temperatures and coercive fields were measured using zero field data and hysteresis loops obtained using a SQUID magnetometer. Optical absorption data agreed with earlier work on bulk materials. The two well known features in the optical spectrum, the charge transfer transition between Mn d states at ~2eV and the band edge transition from the oxygen p band to the d states at ~3eV are observed in the magnetic circular dichroism; however they behaved very differently both as a function of magnetic field and temperature. This is interpreted in terms of the magnetic ordering of the Mn spins.Comment: 9 pages of text including figure