Corrigendum to �Periorbital facial rejuvenation; applied anatomy and pre-operative assessment� J. Curr. Ophthalmol. 29 (3), (September 2017) 154�168 (S245223251630213X) (10.1016/j.joco.2017.04.001))

The authors regret to inform a few displaced figures in our manuscript. While text and figure legends are correct, the following 4 figures should be re-placed. Figure 15 should be figure 12. Figure 12 should be figure 13. Figure 13 should be figure 14. Figure 14 should be figure 15. The correctly renumbered figures are also provided below. Figure presented The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. © 2017 Iranian Society of Ophthalmolog

The forgotten tract of vision in multiple sclerosis: vertical occipital fasciculus, its fiber properties, and visuospatial memory

Visual disturbances are a common disease manifestation in multiple sclerosis (MS) due to lesions damaging white matter tracts involved in vision. Vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), a tract located vertically in the occipital lobe, was neglected for more than a century. We hypothesize that VOF is involved in integrating information between dorsal and ventral visual streams. Thus, its damage in MS, as well as its probable role in visual processing (by using MS as a VOF damage model) needs to be clarified. To study fiber characteristics of VOF in MS, and their clinical and visual learning associations, 57 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 25 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. We acquired MS Functional Composite, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and diffusion MRI scans. Tractography of VOF and optic radiation (OR) was done. VOF's metrics were statistically tested for between-group differences and clinical and visual tests associations. Along-tract analysis and laterality were also tested. RRMS patients had higher mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (nearly in all fiber points), and lower fractional anisotropy in bilateral VOFs compared to HC. No laterality was noted. These were associated with poor clinical outcomes, poor visual scores in EDSS, and lower total immediate and delayed recall in BVMT-R in RRMS, after adjusting for age, gender, and fiber metrics of OR. VOF damage is present in RRMS and is associated with visual symptoms and visuospatial learning impairments. It seems VOF is involved in integrating information between visual streams

Acute primary angle closure after periorbital facial procedures report of four cases and literature review

Aims: To report four cases of acute primary angle closure (PAC) after blepharoplasty and forehead lifting procedures and review the previous reported cases in the literature. Methods: Four female subjects with age range of 50�67 years developed PAC 2�5 days after blepharoplasty and endoscopic forehead lifting procedures. All presented with pain, nausea, blurred vision, red eye, and eyelid swelling. Diagnosis was delayed in the first subject because of considering the signs and symptoms as usual postoperative ones. Presumed risk factors for the PAC were female gender (all), advanced age (all), pupillary dilation (all), and hyperopia (case 2). Results: Medical treatment controlled the pressure which was followed by bilateral YAG Laser iridotomy. They fully recovered with no optic neuropathy in their last follow-up examination 10 months to 10 years after the procedures. Conclusion: Risk of PAC should be investigated preoperatively and its presentation should be considered in the postoperative follow-up of subjects with periorbital facial procedures. © 2018 Taylor & Franci

Acute primary angle closure after periorbital facial procedures report of four cases and literature review

Aims: To report four cases of acute primary angle closure (PAC) after blepharoplasty and forehead lifting procedures and review the previous reported cases in the literature. Methods: Four female subjects with age range of 50�67 years developed PAC 2�5 days after blepharoplasty and endoscopic forehead lifting procedures. All presented with pain, nausea, blurred vision, red eye, and eyelid swelling. Diagnosis was delayed in the first subject because of considering the signs and symptoms as usual postoperative ones. Presumed risk factors for the PAC were female gender (all), advanced age (all), pupillary dilation (all), and hyperopia (case 2). Results: Medical treatment controlled the pressure which was followed by bilateral YAG Laser iridotomy. They fully recovered with no optic neuropathy in their last follow-up examination 10 months to 10 years after the procedures. Conclusion: Risk of PAC should be investigated preoperatively and its presentation should be considered in the postoperative follow-up of subjects with periorbital facial procedures. © 2018 Taylor & Franci

Dermatochalasis Through Decades: A Histopathologic Study

OBJECTIVES: Three prior studies (2008, 2011, 2018) histopathologically compared the eyelid specimens of patients with dermatochalasis (DC, undergoing blepharoplasty) with a control group and proposed that DC may begin with subclinical inflammation leading to elastolysis and lymphostasis. With growing number of younger patients consulting for blepharoplasty, the unanswered question is whether histopathologic changes of DC differ between the younger and the older. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective case series, 20 right upper eyelid skin of 20 nonsmoker, class 3 Fitzpatrik skin type women (30-68 years old) were histopathologically examined. Patients were divided into 2 age groups of 50 years or older and older than 50 years. Upper eyelid skin was preoperatively marked, intraoperatively removed, postoperatively divided into 3 sections: lateral (lateral limbus to lateral canthus), central (between medial and lateral limbi), and medial (medial limbus to medial canthus), and separately (totally 60 specimens) sent for histopathological examination. A masked pathologist recorded skin thickness in all specimens (60) as well as lymphatic vessels diameter and density, elastic fiber density, macrophage number, collagen intrafibril edema, and depth of collagen stromal bed in central sections (20 specimens). RESULTS: There were 10 patients at each age group. Histopathological measurements were not significantly different between the 2 age groups except mean lymphatic vessel diameter (P = 0.034) that was larger in the second group (>50 years). A significant positive correlation was also observed between the age and lymphatic vessel diameter (rs = 0.3, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Lymphangiectasia progresses significantly by age. Histopathological characteristics of DC are the same in the 2 age groups. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved

Ocular biometric changes after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation

Purpose: To investigate the ocular biometric changes after uneventful Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Methods: Patients with refractory glaucoma who were candidate for Ahmed valve surgery were prospectively included in this study. Patients with a history of any kinds of corneal surgery were excluded. Refractive status, intraocular pressure, axial length, anterior chamber parameters including anterior and posterior mean keratometry, central corneal thicknesses, and anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and anterior chamber angle were evaluated at baseline and 1 and 3 months after surgery. Results: A total of 20 eyes from 20 patients were included. Mean intraocular pressure at baseline was 33.4 ± 12.3 mm Hg that significantly decreased to 14.6 ± 6.2 mm Hg at 1 month and 13.5 ± 4.3 mm Hg at 3 months after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (p 0.05 in all). Conclusion: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation had a significant effect on axial length at 3 months after surgery but its effect on keratometry and other anterior chamber parameters was not significant. © The Author(s) 2019

Revisiting Anchor Epicanthoplasty in Mild to Moderate Asian Epicanthal Folds: A Clinicopathological Study

Background: To assess the epicanthal fold (EF), eyelid, eyebrow, scar, and patients� satisfaction after anchor epicanthoplasty and upper blepharoplasty and histopathologically compare Asian epicanthal fold skin with non-Asian counterpart. Methods: Asian Iranians with grade 2 and 3 EF were included. Photographs were taken before and at least 12 months after the surgery. Photoanalysis included EF grade, inter-canthal distance (ICD), margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1), tarsal plate show (TPS), brow fat span (BFS), and eyebrow height. Manchester scar scale score (5�28) and patients' satisfaction score (0�100) were documented. The most medial skin of 5 Asian and 5 non-Asian subjects was histologically compared for the thickness and elastic fiber density and morphology. Results: Included were 89 patients (178 eyelids) with a mean age of 31.6 years and follow-up of 13.1 months. Mean ICD significantly decreased by 3.5 mm (shortening ratio of 9.7). All grade 2 and almost half of the grade 3 EF disappeared. Significant postoperative increase in mean MRD1 (0.3 mm) and TPS (1.1�1.4 mm) and decrease in BFS (3.3�3.6 mm) and eyebrow height (1.7�3.4 mm) were observed. Revision rate of epicanthoplasty was 7.3. Mean satisfaction and scar scores were 97.1 and 5.4, respectively. Histopathologically, Asian and non-Asian medial upper eyelid skin was not significantly different. Conclusion: Anchor epicanthoplasty eliminated grade 2 and improved grade 3 EF with a high satisfaction and negligible scar. Simultaneous upper blepharoplasty significantly increased MRD1 and TPS and decreased eyebrow height. EF skin was not histologically different from non-Asians. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

Role of Apelin/APJ axis in cancer development and progression

Apelin is an endogenous peptide, which is expressed in a vast board of organs such as the brain, placenta, heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, testis, prostate and adipose tissues. The apelin receptor, called angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ), is also expressed in the brain, spleen, placenta, heart, liver, intestine, prostate, thymus, testis, ovary, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adipose tissue. The apelin/APJ axis is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. The apelin expression is increased in various kinds of cancer and the apelin/APJ axis plays a key role in the development of tumors through enhancing angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation and also through the development of cancer stem cells and drug resistance. The apelin also stops the apoptosis of cancer cells. The apelin/APJ axis was considered in this review as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. © 2020 Medical University of Bialysto