1,551 research outputs found
Environmental Group and Legal expertise: Shaping the Brexit Process
Environmental Groups and Legal Expertise explores the use and understanding of law and legal expertise by environmental groups. Rather than the usual focus on the court room, it scrutinises environmental NGO advocacy during the extraordinarily dramatic Brexit process, from the referendum on leaving the EU in June 2016 to the debate around the new Environment Bill in the first half of 2020. There is generally a weak understanding of both the complexity and the potential of legal expertise in the environmental NGO community. Legal expertise can be more than a tool for campaigners, and more than litigation: it provides distinctive ways of both seeing the world and changing the world. The available legal resource in the sector is not just a practical limit on what can be done, but spills into the very understanding of what should be done, and what resource is needed. Mutually reinforcing links between capacity, understanding, culture and investment affect legal expertise across the board. There are, however, pockets of sophisticated legal expertise in the community, and legal expertise was heavily and often effectively used in the anomalously law-heavy Brexit-environment debate. The ability to call on thinly spread legal expertise in a crisis was in part due to effective NGO collaboration around Brexit-environment
Exact Baryon, Strangeness and Charge Conservation in Hadronic Gas Models
Relativistic heavy ion collisions are studied assuming that particles can be
described by a hadron gas in thermal and chemical equilibrium. The exact
conservation of baryon number, strangeness and charge are explicitly taken into
account. For heavy ions the effect arising from the neutron surplus becomes
important and leads to a substantial increase in e.g. the ratio.
A method is developed which is very well suited for the study of small systems.Comment: 5 pages, 5 Postscript figure
Method of Monte Carlo grid for data analysis
This paper presents an analysis procedure for experimental data using
theoretical functions generated by Monte Carlo. Applying the classical
chi-square fitting procedure for some multiparameter systems is extremely
difficult due to a lack of an analytical expression for the theoretical
functions describing the system. The proposed algorithm is based on the least
square method using a grid of Monte Carlo generated functions each
corresponding to definite values of the minimization parameters. It is used for
the E742 experiment (TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada) data analysis with the aim to
extract muonic atom scattering parameters on solid hydrogen.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to NI
First upper limit analysis and results from LIGO science data: stochastic background
I describe analysis of correlations in the outputs of the three LIGO
interferometers from LIGO's first science run, held over 17 days in August and
September of 2002, and the resulting upper limit set on a stochastic background
of gravitational waves. By searching for cross-correlations between the LIGO
detectors in Livingston, LA and Hanford, WA, we are able to set a 90%
confidence level upper limit of h_{100}^2 Omega_0 < 23 +/- 4.6.Comment: 7 pages; 1 eps figures; proceeding from 2003 Edoardo Amaldi Meeting
on Gravitational Wave
The Primordial Gravitational Wave Background in String Cosmology
We find the spectrum P(w)dw of the gravitational wave background produced in
the early universe in string theory. We work in the framework of String Driven
Cosmology, whose scale factors are computed with the low-energy effective
string equations as well as selfconsistent solutions of General Relativity with
a gas of strings as source. The scale factor evolution is described by an early
string driven inflationary stage with an instantaneous transition to a
radiation dominated stage and successive matter dominated stage. This is an
expanding string cosmology always running on positive proper cosmic time. A
careful treatment of the scale factor evolution and involved transitions is
made. A full prediction on the power spectrum of gravitational waves without
any free-parameters is given. We study and show explicitly the effect of the
dilaton field, characteristic to this kind of cosmologies. We compute the
spectrum for the same evolution description with three differents approachs.
Some features of gravitational wave spectra, as peaks and asymptotic
behaviours, are found direct consequences of the dilaton involved and not only
of the scale factor evolution. A comparative analysis of different treatments,
solutions and compatibility with observational bounds or detection perspectives
is made.Comment: LaTeX, 50 pages with 2 figures. Uses epsfig and psfra
On the Relation between Solar Activity and Clear-Sky Terrestrial Irradiance
The Mauna Loa Observatory record of direct-beam solar irradiance measurements
for the years 1958-2010 is analysed to investigate the variation of clear-sky
terrestrial insolation with solar activity over more than four solar cycles.
The raw irradiance data exhibit a marked seasonal cycle, extended periods of
lower irradiance due to emissions of volcanic aerosols, and a long-term
decrease in atmospheric transmission independent of solar activity. After
correcting for these effects, it is found that clear-sky terrestrial irradiance
typically varies by about 0.2 +/- 0.1% over the course of the solar cycle, a
change of the same order of magnitude as the variations of the total solar
irradiance above the atmosphere. An investigation of changes in the clear-sky
atmospheric transmission fails to find a significant trend with sunspot number.
Hence there is no evidence for a yet unknown effect amplifying variations of
clear-sky irradiance with solar activity.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, in press at Solar Physics; minor changes to the
text to match final published versio
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