Pattern of dyslipidemia in hypothyroid patients: A cross sectional study

Background: An association between thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia prevails. Levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides tend to increase as thyroid function declines.Objective: To find out the pattern of dyslipidemia in hypothyroid patients. Methods: Sixty cases were selected as a sample of convenience in this cross sectional study from in-patienl depa1tment of Medicine and Endocrinology, BSMMU. Meticulous history taking and thorough clinical examinations were done. Report of lipid profile and thyroid function tests were recorded from patients file. All the information's were recorded in a pre-designed sttuctured questionnaire. Collected data were classi­fied, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS. Results: Among the 60 cases, 43 (72%) were female; 17(28%) were male. Age range was 24-59 years with a mean age of 38.80 (± I 0.35) years. Majority 38(65%) were housewife, followed by service holder 11(18.33%), 08(13.3%) were business men and 02(3.3%) had other occupations. Majority 42(70%) patients were taking thyroxin. Mean Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, Triglycer­ide (TG) and HDL were 222.20(±42.25); 138.63(±31.51); 243.36(±83.13) and 37.30(±5.12) respectably. Conclusion: All hypothyroid subjects had dyslipidemia. The present study indicated that hypothyroidism was associated with an abnormal lipid profile, especially with respect to the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride

N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase and inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in activity of plasma N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, a marker for inflammation as well as renal, pulmonary and cardiac damage and proinflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and find out the relationship between their plasma levels with clinical outcome of patients. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Aga Khan University, Karachi, from January to June 2003. PATIENTS AND METHODS: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha of (TNFalpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL8) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were monitored in plasma samples of 12 angina patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), before, immediately after and 5 days post-surgical procedure. Serum glucose concentrations were also monitored in those patients. Patient\u27s clinical condition was monitored during this time period. RESULTS: No significant increase was observed in plasma NAG activity (a marker of inflammation) or in plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF immediately after surgery, indicating that cardiopulmonary bypass itself does not produce any significant amount of inflammation immediately after CABG. However, 5 days post surgery, there was a significant increase in plasma NAG activity (p=0.001), TNFalpha (p=0.047) and GM-CSF (p=0.045). There was no relationship between plasma NAG activity and clinical outcome because various parameters of renal, cardiac and pulmonary functions, though slightly affected, remained within the normal limits. CONCLUSION: Increased levels of NAG and TNFalpha did not affect clinical outcome. However, data suggest that NAG can be a potential marker for inflammation and end organ damage following CABG. An increase in GM-CSF on day 5 following CABG indicates enhanced body\u27s defense mechanism against infection

Pattern of dyslipidemia in hypothyroid patients: A cross sectional study

Background: An association between thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia prevails. Levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides tend to increase as thyroid function declines. Objective: To find out the pattern of dyslipidemia in hypothyroid patients. Methods: Sixty cases were selected as a sample of convenience in this cross sectional study from in-patienl depa1tment of Medicine and Endocrinology, BSMMU. Meticulous history taking and thorough clinical examinations were done. Report of lipid profile and thyroid function tests were recorded from patients file. All the information's were recorded in a pre-designed sttuctured questionnaire. Collected data were classi­fied, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS. Results: Among the 60 cases, 43 (72%) were female; 17(28%) were male. Age range was 24-59 years with a mean age of 38.80 (± I 0.35) years. Majority 38(65%) were housewife, followed by service holder 11(18.33%), 08(13.3%) were business men and 02(3.3%) had other occupations. Majority 42(70%) patients were taking thyroxin. Mean Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, Triglycer­ide (TG) and HDL were 222.20(±42.25); 138.63(±31.51); 243.36(±83.13) and 37.30(±5.12) respectably. Conclusion: All hypothyroid subjects had dyslipidemia. The present study indicated that hypothyroidism was associated with an abnormal lipid profile, especially with respect to the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride

Vitamin D supplementation on prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

Hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/mL) is thought to increase insulin resistance and meta-inflammation contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Correcting vitamin D deficiency in people with prediabetes might halt its progression to DM. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance, glycemic status, and inflammation in prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency. This doubleblind randomized placebo-controlled trial was done among 27 newly detected prediabetic adults with hypovitaminosis D randomly assigned to 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for eight weeks followed by monthly for the next four months or placebo along with lifestyle modification in both groups [vitamin D (n= 14) vs. Placebo (n=13). They were comparable in terms of sex, age and borlymass index. Glycemic status, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and inflammatory marker high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured at baseline and after six months of intervention. Vitamin D levels (ng/mL) increased in both groups from baseline (vitamin D vs. placebo: 12.2±5.9 vs. 3.9±3.5, mean±SD). FPG (mmol/L) significantly decreased in the Vitamin D group (before vs. after: 5.9±0.6 vs. 5.5±0.7, P=0.016, mean±SD), whereas HbA1C (%) and hs- CRP (mg/L) significantly increased in the placebo group (before vs. after- HbA1C: 5.8±0.3 vs. 6.0±0.4, P<0.001; hs-CRP: 5.0±4.4 vs. 5.6±4.9, P=0.039, mean±SD). Percent changes in glycemic status, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were statistically similar between the groups. Our study failed to demonstrate the positive effects of vitamin D supplementation on reducing glucose, insulin resistance, or inflammatory marker in prediabetic adult patients with hypovitaminosis D. BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 167-17

Taxonomic comparison of the populations of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) in Bangladesh

A study on the taxonomic comparison of five populations of the climbing perch, koi, Anabas testudineus was conducted from five regions of Bangladesh viz. Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet. The comparison was based on the morphometric and meristic data of the populations collected over a period of 4 months from July to October 2003. The average total length, standard length, post orbital length, eye diameter, length of base of the dorsal and anal fin of the population of Khulna region were higher than those of the other four populations. All the population characteristics of Chittagong region revealed significant difference (P0.05) in all five populations in dorsal fin rays, pelvic fin rays, anal fin rays, and number of scale below and above lateral line. However, number of dorsal spine was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in Dhaka region than those in other regions. Number of caudal fin rays was also higher in Dhaka region. Five different body proportions viz., Standard Length: Head Length; Standard Length: Body Depth; Head Length: Eye Diameter; Head Length: Pre-orbital; and Head Length: Post orbital were recorded and significant differences at 5% level were obtained

A cross sectional survey on health and nutritional status among the people of Chittagong city corporation, Bangladesh

Purpose: To determine the health and nutritional status of people in the Chittagong city corporation area of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A face-to-face interview methodology was used for this survey. The study sites were located in 15 thanas of the Chittagong city corporation area. The study was also designed with interview questions closely related to health.Results: Among the total 620 respondents, 453 respondents were males and 167 respondents were females. 471(75.96%) of the total respondents had positive comments about the health status of their community. 169(27.52%) respondents had poor or fair appetites but the rest of them had good, very good or excellent appetites. 360(58.07%) of the respondents reported they had been eating a minimum of one fruit per day and 85(13.7%) people drank 5 to 8 glasses of water daily. 441(71.12%) of their diets more or less met daily vitamin and nutrient requirements and 338(54.51%) were nonsmokers. 407(65.64%) were married, and 388 (62.58%) were more or less satisfied about their sexual life. 441(71.12%) respondents performed physical exercise more or less habitually. A lower number of respondents had a major disease. For instance, 155(25%) suffered from high blood pressure, and 150(24.19%) suffered from diabetes. In the case of minor diseases, 399(64.35%) of the respondents had been suffering from GIT disease and 416(67.09%) were taking proton pump inhibitors or a H2 receptor blockers. 205(33.06%) respondents were taking antibiotics regularly.Conclusions: One third of the people had hypertension and diabetes. According to the biomedical concepts, peoples were not healthy. However, according to the ecological and psychological concepts of health, this survey proved that the people of the Chittagong city corporation area were comparatively healthy

Effect of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performance of rabbit does and litter performance during preweaning period under ruralconditions

The experiment was conducted under rural condition over a period of October, 2001 to February, 2002 to see the effect of concentrate supp!ementation on the reproductive performances of meat type rabbit. Sixteen female New Zealand White crossbred aged about 3.5 to 4.5 months, weighing on average 9.5 to 13.0 kg were assigned randomly into two feeding regimes, Ti (farmers own diet ) and T2 (farmers own diet + concentrate' 75 g/day) with four replications, in a complete randomized design (CAD). All animals had free access to the locally available green grass. The percent of does kidded, gestation Period, litter size and individual kit weight at birth were similar (13>0.05) irrespective of level of treatments. The litter weight (g) and individual kit weight (g) at weaning, daily average weight gain of kit and kit mortality up to weaning differed significantly (P<0.01) and the mean values were 969.30±99.13 vs. 427.11±105.97, 408.12±3.85 vs. 310.62±3.56, 352.62±2.65 vs. 255.75±2.76 and 26.92±10.70 vs. 45.00±10.07 for T2 and Ti groups, 'respectively. These results reveal that supplementation of concentrate (75 g/d) in addition to adlibitum green grass may improve reproductive performance of rabbit under rural condition

Sociocultural and Clinical Aspects of Recovery from First Episode Psychosis in Java, Indonesia: A Follow-Up Case Study

Researchers have observed high rates of recovery from first episode psychosis in some cultural settings. This study explores the course and long-term outcome of a small set of cases of first episode psychoses, focusing on clinical predictors of outcome and local cultural processes supporting recovery in Javanese society in Indonesia. Researchers followed nine individuals with a first episode of psychosis intensively during one year of ethnographic research and measured clinical markers of the outcome at onset and at two- and 14-year follow-ups. Despite some relapses, a majority of individuals substantially recovered at one year and continued to function near-normal at 14 years; two cases represent long-term illness. Clinical factors associated with recovery included the acute onset of illness and short duration of untreated psychosis. Ethnographic research identified cultural models, linked to Javanese folk stories and local Islamic ideas, and social and cultural processes supportive of recovery from psychosis. © 2022 by the American Anthropological Association

EFFECT OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT UNDER RURAL CONDITION

Crossbred New Zealand White meat type 8 male and 16 female rabbits aged 3.5 to 4.5 months weighing 9.5 to 13.0 kg were used in a 128 day trial to study the effects of concentrate supplementation on growth and reproductive performance of rabbit under rural condition. Rabbits were divided according to live weight into two treatment groups, i.e. T1 (conventional diet) and T2 (conventional diet + concentrate 75 g/d per rabbit) with four replications per treatment in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). All animals had free access to locally available green grasses. Results showed that, average daily live weight gain was significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher in T2 (13.02 ± 0.43 g/d) than T1 (5.30 ± 0.43 g/d) group. Litter weight at birth was better (p&lt;0.05) in T2 (180.38 ± 16.37g) than T1 (137.19 ± 16.37g) group. Litter size at weaning differed (p&lt;0.05) and the mean values were 1.37 ± 0.30 for T1 and 2.37 ± 0.27 for T2 group. Kit weight at weaning was superior (p&lt;0.01) in T2 (408.12 ± 3.85g) than T1 (310.62 ± 3.56g) group. Kit mortality up to weaning was higher (p&lt;0.01) in T1 (45.0 ± 10.07 %) than T2 (26.92 ± 10.7 %) group. These results indicate that, supplementation of concentrate in addition to conventional feeding may improve growth and reproductive performance of rabbit under rural condition