The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

Investigation of exhaust gas temperature distribution within a furnace of a stoker fired boiler as a function of its operating parameters

Distribution of the exhaust gas temperature within the furnace of a grate boiler greatly depends on its operating parameters such as output. It has a considerably different character than temperature distributions in other types of boilers (with pulverised or fluidised bed), as it varies considerably across the chamber. Results presented in this paper have been obtained through research of a grate-fired hot water boiler with a nominal rating of some 30 MW. Measurements have been taken by introducing temperature sensors into prearranged openings placed in the boiler side walls. Investigation has been carried out for different output levels. Tests involved thermocouples in ceramic coating and aspirated thermocouples. The latter were used to eliminate influence of radiative heat transfer on measured results. Values obtained with both methods have been cross-checked

Do Differences in Chemical Composition of Stem and Cap of <i>Amanita muscaria</i> Fruiting Bodies Correlate with Topsoil Type?

<div><p>Fly agaric (<i>Amanita muscaria</i>) was investigated using a ¹H NMR-based metabolomics approach. The caps and stems were studied separately, revealing different metabolic compositions. Additionally, multivariate data analyses of the fungal basidiomata and the type of soil were performed. Compared to the stems, <i>A. muscaria</i> caps exhibited higher concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, threonine, lipids (mainly free fatty acids), choline, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), acetate, adenosine, uridine, 4-aminobutyrate, 6-hydroxynicotinate, quinolinate, UDP-carbohydrate and glycerol. Conversely, they exhibited lower concentrations of formate, fumarate, trehalose, α- and β-glucose. Six metabolites, malate, succinate, gluconate, <i>N</i>-acetylated compounds (NAC), tyrosine and phenylalanine, were detected in whole <i>A. muscaria</i> fruiting bodies but did not show significant differences in their levels between caps and stems (<i>P</i> value>0.05 and/or OPLS-DA loading correlation coefficient <0.4). This methodology allowed for the differentiation between the fruiting bodies of <i>A. muscaria</i> from mineral and mineral-organic topsoil. Moreover, the metabolomic approach and multivariate tools enabled to ascribe the basidiomata of fly agaric to the type of topsoil. Obtained results revealed that stems metabolome is more dependent on the topsoil type than caps. The correlation between metabolites and topsoil contents together with its properties exhibited mutual dependences.</p></div

OPLS-DA score plots discriminating between samples from mineral and organic-mineral topsoil for: a) whole fruiting bodies (<i>R</i>²<i>X</i> = 0.924, <i>R</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.944 and <i>Q</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.790); b) stems (<i>R</i>²<i>X</i> = 0.814, <i>R</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.830, <i>Q</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.728); and c) caps (<i>R</i>²<i>X</i> = 0.608 <i>R</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.732, <i>Q</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.554).

<p>The corresponding loadings from the OPLS-DA models are shown on the right. The color bar corresponds to the absolute value of the correlation loading.</p

Map showing the distribution of sampling sites.

<p>A: border of countries, B: border of Poland, C: main rivers, D–F: sites on organic-mineral soils (blue: 82, 83; yellow: 72, 73, 75; green: 105), G–L: sites on mineral soils (red: 136, 138, 141; yellow: 129, 131; purple: 275, 278, 280; blue: 120, 121; orange: 96, 98, 102; green: 161, 165, 169). Colours indicate the collection number.</p

Distribution of metabolites in <i>A. muscaria</i> basidocarps: a) loadings of discrimination between stems and caps from the OPLS-DA model.

<p>The color bar corresponds to the absolute value of the correlation loading; b) simplified representation of metabolite distributions in <i>A. muscaria</i> basidocarps.</p

PCA (<i>R</i>²<i>X</i> = 0.725; <i>Q</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.671) results: a) score plot; b) corresponding loadings plot.

<p>PCA (<i>R</i>²<i>X</i> = 0.725; <i>Q</i>²<i>Y</i> = 0.671) results: a) score plot; b) corresponding loadings plot.</p

Heat map showing the spearman rank coefficients calculated between soil properties and metabolites in <i>A. muscaria</i> basidocarp: a) in caps; b) in stems.

<p>The B, P₂O₅, Mg, Zn(2) and Cu(2) were determined as available elements, while Hg, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were assayed as the general concentration in dry matter.</p