Effects of aging and light-curing unit type on the volume and internal porosity of bulk-fill resin composite restoration

This study explores the effects of aging (thermal cycling and cyclic loading–TC/CL) and different light-curing unit (LCU) types on the volume characteristics and internal porosity of a bulk-fill resin-based composite restoration. Occlusal cavities (4 × 4 × 3 mm) were prepared on extracted human molars (n = 5). Tetric N-Bond Universal was applied, and the cavities were restored using Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill. Photoactivation was performed using a quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH) or a multiple-emission peak light-emitting diode (MLED). Digital images for all restorations were obtained using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) before (baseline) and after (post-aging) TC/CL (5,000 TC cycles in 5–55 °C baths and a dwell time of 30 s followed by 10,000 sinusoidal CL load cycles in an Instron B3000 at 2 Hz and 10–110 N) and storage (37 °C) for three months. For the micro-CT analysis, three-dimensional images were used to determine the restoration volume and internal porosity. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Restorations photoactivated with QTH exhibited a higher object volume than the LED group at baseline and in post-aging conditions without any significant differences in the other evaluated characteristics. All volume/porosity characteristics increased considerably after TC/CL aging, except for the object volume of the QTH group and the closed porosity of the MLED group. The change in all the volume/porosity characteristics between both LCU groups after TC/CL were not significantly different. Thus, the aging process simulated herein increased the volume and porosity characteristics of the bulk-fill restoration, and no significant differences were obtained between the QTH and MLED equipment

Analysis of the effectiveness of whitening dentifrices and their effects on the dental surface : an in vitro study

O clareamento dos dentes pode ser realizado de várias maneiras, em consultório, no âmbito caseiro ou com a utilização de produtos OTC (Over-the-Counter). Dentre esses produtos, existem os dentifrícios clareadores que prometem clarear e prevenir o manchamento dentário. Objetivos: (1) Investigar o potencial clareador e abrasivo de diferentes dentifrícios no esmalte; e (2) avaliar o efeito do dentifrício Oral-B 3D White Perfection® (Oral-B) na prevenção do escurecimento. Materiais e Métodos: Amostras de esmalte bovino foram pigmentadas e escovadas por 14 dias com água (controle negativo) ou com diferentes produtos: Colgate Total 12® (controle), Oral-B, Sensodyne Branqueador Extra Fresh® (Sensodyne) ou Colgate Luminous White Advanced® (Colgate). Oral-B foi testado antes e após pigmentação. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à cor (espectrofotômetro) e rugosidade superficial (rugosímetro). Para cálculo de alteração de cor (ΔDE00) se utilizou o sistema CIEDE2000. Os dados foram analisados com os testes Kruskal-Wallis, SNK e Mann-Whitney (α=5%). Resultados: O controle negativo apresentou a menor ΔE00 (p<0,05) e o grupo tratado com Sensodyne resultou nos maiores valores (p<0,05). Quanto à rugosidade superficial, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos avaliados. O dentifrício Oral-B demonstrou efeito protetivo ao manchamento, resultando em menor alteração de cor (p=0,002). Conclusão: Somente o dentifrício Sensodyne apresentou potencial clareador maior que o dentifrício convencional. A escovação prévia com Oral-B reduziu o manchamento dental, embora não tenha prevenido este totalmente de acontecer. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na rugosidade dos dentes após aplicação dos tratamentos, quando comparado ao controle.Tooth whitening can be performed at the dental office, at-home or upon the use of OTC (Over-the-Counter) products. Among the latter, there are whitening toothpastes that promise to bleach and to prevent tooth staining. Objectives: (1) To investigate the bleaching and abrasive potential of different whitening dentifrices to enamel; and (2) to evaluate the effect of Oral-B 3D White Perfection® (Oral-B) toothpaste in preventing staining. Materials and Methods: Bovine enamel samples were stained and brushed for 14 days with water (negative control) or with different products: Colgate Total 12® (control), Oral-B, Sensodyne Branqueador Extra Fresh® (Sensodyne), and Colgate Luminous White Advanced® (Colgate). Oral-B was also tested before and after staining. The samples were tested by their color (spectrophotometer) and surface roughness (profilometer). Color change (ΔDE00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 color system. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, SNK, and Mann-Whitney tests (α=5%). Results: The negative control showed the lowest ΔE00 (p<0.05), whereas the group treated with Sensodyne resulted in the greatest color change (p<0.05). For surface roughness, there was not any significant difference among the groups. The Oral-B toothpaste showed a protective effect against staining, resulting in the lowest color change (p=0,002). Conclusion: Only Sensodyne toothpaste showed higher whitening potential than the conventional toothpaste. By using Oral-B prior staining reduced significantly the intensity of staining, although without the complete prevention of this event. Significant differences were not observed after treatment concerning roughness in comparison to the control

RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIAS EDUCATIVAS EM SAÚDE BUCAL PARA IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS

Assim como vários países já passaram por um profundo processo de envelhecimento decorrente da transição demográfica, o Brasil vivencia um envelhecimento rápido. A partir da perspectiva de que os conhecimentos gerados na universidade poderiam ser trocados com a comunidade, através de atividades de extensão com linguagem e metodologias adequadas, este projeto objetivou promover educação em saúde para uma parcela populacional desprovida de atendimento especializado e suprir carências regionais em uma amostra populacional de idosos institucionalizados, no Município de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O público alvo consistiu em idosos institucionalizados, com faixa etária entre 60 e 95 anos e a equipe de profissionais da Casa de Recuperação Dona Zulmira da Sociedade São Vicente de Paula. As atividades realizadas no projeto “Sorriso na melhor idade” abordaram temas como: noções básicas de saúde, saúde bucal, higiene bucal, alternativas protéticas existentes, cuidados para manutenção de próteses dentárias, importância de acompanhamento periódico com profissional Cirurgião-Dentista. Assim, promoveu-se saúde aos idosos e conhecimento à equipe de cuidadores, além de apresentar fundamental importância no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos integrantes do projeto, viabilizando a troca de experiências e contribuindo para o crescimento pessoal e profissional. Conclui-se que a prática de promoção em saúde deve ser orientada sob a constatação da realidade e necessidade do grupo a ser assistido, possibilitando acesso a informações, promovendo a educação em saúde bucal e motivando o autocuidado. Palavras-chave: Saúde do Idoso, Saúde Bucal, Prótese Dentária   Report of educational experiences in oral health for institutionalized elderly Abstract: Similarly to other countries that have already faced a strong aging process due to demographic transition, Brazil is now facing the same aging trend. Considering that knowledge produced at the university could be exchanged with the community through activities of extension with proper language and methodologies,  the present study aimed to promote health education for a population sample of institutionalized elderly, deprived of specialized care, as well as supplying regional needs, in the city of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The sample consisted of institutionalized elderly, ranging from 60 to 95 years-old, and the professional team of the Recovery House Dona Zulmira, from São Vicente de Paula Society. The activities conducted in the project “Smile at the best age” included topics such as basic health, oral health, oral hygiene, available prosthetic alternatives, care for maintaining dental prosthesis, and importance for the periodic follow-up with dentists. Therefore, health to the elderly and knowledge to the professional team were satisfactorily promoted, and experience exchange was obtained, contributing for the teaching and learning process of the project members and to their personal and professional development. It was concluded that the practice of health promotion should be guided by the reality and needs of the group under assistance, thus providing access to information, promoting education in oral health and motivating self-care. Keywords: Health of the Elderly, Oral Health, Dental Prosthesis   Relato de experiencias educativas en salud bucal para ancianos institucionalizados   Resumen: Al igual como en varios países ya han pasado por un profundo proceso de envejecimiento derivado de la transición demográfica, en Brasil vive un envejecimiento rápido. A partir de la perspectiva de que los conocimientos generados en la universidad podrían ser intercambiados con la comunidad a través de actividades de extensión con lenguaje y metodologías adecuadas, este proyecto tuvo como objetivo promover una educación en salud para un grupo poblacional desprovisto de atención especializada y suplir carencias regionales en una muestra poblacional de ancianos institucionalizados, en el Municipio de Governador Valadares, en Minas Gerais, Brasil. El público objetivo estuvo constituido por ancianos institucionalizados, con edades entre 60 y 95 años, y el equipo de profesionales de la Casa de Recuperación Dona Zulmira de la Sociedad São Vicente de Paula. Las actividades realizadas en el proyecto “Sonrisa en la mejor edad” abordaron temas como: nociones básicas de salud, salud bucal, higiene bucal, alternativas protéticas existentes, cuidados para el mantenimiento de prótesis dentales, importancia del control periódico del profesional Cirujano-Dentista. Así, se promovió la salud de los ancianos y el conocimiento del equipo de profesionales, además de presentar la importancia fundamental del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los integrantes del proyecto, viabilizando el intercambio de experiencias y contribuyendo al crecimiento personal y profesional. Se concluye que la práctica de promoción en salud debe ser orientada de acuerdo a la constatación de la realidad y a la necesidad del grupo a ser asistido, posibilitando el acceso a informaciones, promoviendo la educación en salud bucal y motivando el autocuidado. Palabras-clave: Salud del anciano, Salud bucal, Prótesis denta

Effect of orthodontic treatment on tooth autotransplantation : systematic review of controlled clinical trials

This systematic review was focused on evaluating tooth autotransplantation, considering its impacts on the teeth, bone, soft tissues, and aesthetics in orthodontic patients. A bibliographic search was conducted without limitations on year of publication or language in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline Complete, Cochrane, Clinical Trials, and Trials Central. For triage of articles, indications, surgical planning, orthodontic movement, risk factors for treatment, and long-term follow-ups were considered. For outcomes, the results with reference to teeth, alveolar bone, periodontal tissues, and esthetic satisfaction were considered. Risk of bias was evaluated using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies-MINORS. The results showed 10 controlled clinical trials, and no randomized clinical trials were found. The selected studies included 715 patients and 934 autotransplanted teeth among which there were premolars, molars, and anterior teeth evaluated in the long term, indicating that orthodontics associated with autotransplantation indicated a result that was generally clinically acceptable. The quality of the set of evidence was considered medium due to the presence of different methodological problems, risk of bias, and significant heterogeneity in the evaluated studies. There was a sufficient body of evidence that justified autotransplantation in patients who needed orthodontic movement. In teeth, there was an increase in root resorption influenced by orthodontics, but without impacting on the general clinical result in the long term. Bone and periodontal tissue do not appear to be affected by orthodontics. The patient’s aesthetic satisfaction was not considered in the studies

Antimicrobial, mechanical and biocompatibility analysis of chlorhexidine digluconate-modified cements

The focus of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of glass ionomer (GICs) modified by Chlorhexidine (CHX). For biocompatibility, 105 male Wistar rats were used, divided into 7 groups (n=15): Group C (Control,Polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M18, and Groups RL, RL10, RL18 (M-Meron and RL-Riva Luting: conventional, and modified with 10%, and 18% CHX, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under optical microscope for different cellular events and time intervals. Antibacterial effect and Shear Bond Strength Test (SBST) were also analyzed. Biocompatibility was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests; SBST one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05). For the antibacterial effect, the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman, followed by Dunn (P<0.05) tests were used. Morphological study of the tissues showed inflammatory infiltrate with significant differences between Groups C and RL18, in the time intervals of 7(P=0.013) and 15(P=0.032) days. The antimicrobial effects of the cements was shown to be CHX concentration-dependent (P=0.001). The SBST showed no significant difference between the Groups of Meron cement (P=0.385), however, there was difference between Group RL and Groups RL10 and RL18 (P=0.001). The addition of CHX did not negatively influence the SBST. Meron-CHX-10% was the most biocompatible, and Riva-CHX-18% had more influence on the inflammatory process and presented slower tissue repair

Effect of hydrochloric acid commercial presentation for microabrasion technique on loss of enamel structure and surface

Introdução: A técnica de microabrasão pode ser realizada através de pasta pronta para uso, disponível comercialmente, ou o profissional pode manipulá-la no consultório. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da apresentação comercial do ácido clorídrico a 10% na manipulação de pasta para microabrasão sobre a superfície do esmalte. Metodologia: Foram selecionados incisivos bovinos e divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a apresentação comercial do ácido clorídrico (líquido ou em gel). O tratamento foi realizado através de dez aplicações com 10s de duração cada, intercaladas por lavagem de 10s. Vinte incisivos (n=10) foram utilizados para se determinar a perda de estrutura do esmalte. Cada amostra foi pesada, em balança analítica, antes e após submissão à microabrasão. Outras 20 amostras (n=10) foram utilizadas para determinação da rugosidade superficial média (Ra) utilizando-se um rugosímetro. Três amostras de cada grupo do experimento anterior foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, e outras três amostras adicionais foram preparadas como controle (baseline) para análise em MEV. Resultados: Verificou-se diferença estatística significativa entre a massa final e a inicial e rugosidade superficial das amostras, independente da apresentação comercial do ácido. Nas imagens de MEV observou-se presença de superfície regular para o grupo controle (baseline). Nas demais imagens verificou-se superfície com considerável irregularidade e dissolução discreta do esmalte. Conclusões: O tratamento realizado causou perda significativa de estrutura e aumentou a rugosidade superficial dos espécimes, independente da apresentação comercial do ácido e sem apresentar diferença entre os grupos ao final. A apresentação comercial do ácido não parece ser um fator a interferir no tratamento.Introduction: The microabrasion technique can be performed using a commercially available paste, or the dentist can prepare it in his office. Objective: To verify the effect of hydrochloric acid commercial presentation in the handling of microabrasion paste on the enamel surface. Methodology: Bovine incisors were divided into two groups, according to the commercial presentation of 10% hydrochloric acid (liquid or gel). The treatment was carried out through ten applications of 10 s duration each, intercalated with a 10s wash. Twenty teeth (n=10) were used to determine the loss of enamel structure. Each sample was weighed on an analytical balance before and after submission to microabrasion. Another 20 teeth (n=10) were used to determine the average surface roughness (Ra) using a rugosimeter. Three samples from each group of the previous experiment were selected, randomly, and another three additional samples were prepared as a control (baseline) for SEM analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the final and initial mass and the surface roughness of the samples, regardless of the acid commercial presentation. In the SEM images, a regular surface was observed for the control group (baseline). In the other images, there was a surface with considerable irregularity and a slight dissolution of the enamel. Conclusions: The treatment carried out caused a significant loss of structure and increased the surface roughness of the specimens, regardless of the acid commercial presentation and without showing any difference between groups at the end of the treatment. The acid commercial presentation did not appear to be a factor interfering