235 research outputs found
Contribution of the project "Resource policy – Analysing the debate and developing policy options" to the European Resource Forum
12./13. November 201
Thesenpapier
In diesem Thesenpapier werden zentrale Aussagen des Berichts der Enquete
Kommission „Wachstum, Wohlstand, Lebensqualität – Wege zu nachhaltigem
Wirtschaften und gesellschaftlichem Fortschritt in der Sozialen
Marktwirtschaft“ hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für die Ressourcenpolitik und
spezielle für ProgRess beleuchtet.überarb. Fassung vom 28.06.201
Indikatoren der Ressourcenpolitik – Akteursanalyse von Interessen und Betroffenheit
überarb. Fassun
Analyse der Debatten der Ressourceneffizienzpolitik in Deutschland: Erwartungen, Positionen und Konflikte der Ressourcenpolitik
Wie eine Ressourcenpolitik konkret aussehen soll, welche Ressourcen im
Vordergrund stehen und geschont werden müssen, welche Ziele damit verfolgt und
welche Maßnahmen ergriffen werden sollen ist derzeit Gegenstand
gesellschaftlicher und politischer Debatten. Auf der Grundlage einer
umfassenden Analyse von Stellungnahmen zur Ressourcenpolitik haben wir die
folgenden vier Diskurse identifiziert: (1) der Versorgungsrisiko-Diskurs:
unter dem Eindruck einer zunehmenden Konkurrenz auf den internationalen
Rohstoffmärkten wird die sichere Versorgung der deutschen und europäischen
Wirtschaft mit Rohstoffen als das dringlichste Problem gesehen; (2) der
Ökologische Modernisierung-Diskurs sieht den Umbau hin zu einer
ressourceneffizienten Wirtschaft als Weg, um Wirtschaftswachstum auch unter
einer zunehmenden Ressourcenknappheit zu erhalten und ökonomische Entwicklung
und Ressourcenschonung in Einklang zu bringen. (3) Ein weiterer Diskurs zu
Umweltwirkungen der Ressourcennutzung geht von den Grenzen der Tragfähigkeit
von Natur und Ökosystemen aus und fordert eine absolute Begrenzung der
Ressourcennutzung. Letztlich wird in einem vierten Diskurs der Umgang mit
Ressourcen in der (4) Kritik des Wirtschafts- und Wohlstandsmodells an
zentraler Stelle thematisiert. Mit diesen Diskursen sind jeweils
unterschiedliche Ziele, Indikatoren und Politikinstrumente verknüpft. In der
vorliegenden Analyse wird das Ressourceneffizienzprogramm der Deutschen
Bundesregierung (ProgRess) in diese Diskurse eingeordnet und mögliche
Entwicklungsrichtungen diskutiert
Children's emotion understanding: A meta-analysis of training studies.
BACKGROUND: In the course of development, children show increased insight and understanding of emotions-both of their own emotions and those of others. However, little is known about the efficacy of training programs aimed at improving children's understanding of emotion. OBJECTIVES: To conduct an effect size analysis of trainings aimed at three aspects of emotion understanding: external aspects (i.e., the recognition of emotional expressions, understanding external causes of emotion, understanding the influence of reminders on present emotions); mental aspects (i.e., understanding desire-based emotions, understanding belief-based emotions, understanding hidden emotions); and reflective aspects (i.e., understanding the regulation of an emotion, understanding mixed emotions, understanding moral emotions). DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library, and manual searches. REVIEW METHODS: The search identified 19 studies or experiments including a total of 749 children with an average age of 86 months (S.D.=30.71) from seven different countries. RESULTS: Emotion understanding training procedures are effective for improving external (Hedge's g = 0.62), mental (Hedge's g = 0.31), and reflective (Hedge's g = 0.64) aspects of emotion understanding. These effect sizes were robust and generally unrelated to the number and lengths of training sessions, length of the training period, year of publication, and sample type. However, training setting and social setting moderated the effect of emotion understanding training on the understanding of external aspects of emotion. For the length of training session and social setting, we observed significant moderator effects of training on reflective aspects of emotion. CONCLUSION: Emotion understanding training may be a promising tool for both preventive intervention and the psychotherapeutic process. However, more well-controlled studies are needed.R34 MH086668 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01 AT007257 - NCCIH NIH HHS; R21 MH101567 - NIMH NIH HHS; R34 MH099311 - NIMH NIH HHS; R21 MH102646 - NIMH NIH HHS; K23 MH100259 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01 MH099021 - NIMH NIH HH
Transformation-Dependent Performance-Enhancement of Digital Annealer for 3-SAT
Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems are NP-hard
problems and many real-world problems can be formulated as QUBO. Currently
there are no algorithms known that can solve arbitrary instances of NP-hard
problems efficiently. Therefore special-purpose hardware such as Digital
Annealer, other Ising machines, as well as quantum annealers might lead to
benefits in solving such problems. We study a particularly hard class of
problems which can be formulated as QUBOs, namely Boolean satisfiability (SAT)
problems, and specifically 3-SAT. One intriguing aspect about 3-SAT problems is
that there are different transformations from 3-SAT to QUBO. We study the
transformations' influence on the problem solution, using Digital Annealer as a
special-purpose solver. Besides well-known transformations we investigate a
novel in this context not yet discussed transformation, using less auxiliary
variables and leading to very good performance. Using exact diagonalization, we
explain the differences in performance originating from the different
transformations. We envision that this knowledge allows for specifically
engineering transformations that improve a solvers capacity to find high
quality solutions. Furthermore, we show that the Digital Annealer outperforms a
quantum annealer in solving hard 3-SAT instances.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Recommended from our members
Tuning of Smart Multifunctional Polymer Coatings Made by Zwitterionic Phosphorylcholines
In the last years, the generation of multifunctional coatings has been moved into the focus of interface modifications to expand the spectrum of material applications and to introduce new smart properties. Herein a promising multifunctional and universally usable coating with simultaneous antifouling, easy-to-clean, and anti-fog functionality is presented based on smart polymer films consisting of copolymers with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), realizing the function of the film and photoreactive 4-benzophenyl methacrylate (BPO), which is responsible for stability and crosslinking. The easy-to-clean effect is demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively by oil droplet detachment experiments. The antifouling behavior against different germs is investigated by cell adhesion experiments. Furthermore the anti-fog performance is shown by breathing on the surfaces. To study the influence of the different amounts of copolymerized BPO, the grafted films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), as well as contact angle measurements. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is performed to investigate the swelling behavior of the thin films as a function of the time of UV-irradiation. It is found that a degree of swelling of 15 and a water contact angle of less than 12° are the key parameters necessary for the generation of multifunctional coatings. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
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