A folded-sandwich polarization-entangled two-color photon pair source with large tuning capability for applications in hybrid quantum architectures

We demonstrate a two-color entangled pho ton pair source which can be adapted easily to a wide range of wavelengths combinations. A Fresnel rhomb as a geometrical quarter-wave plate and a versatile combination of compensation crystals are key components of the source. Entanglement of two photons at the Cs D1 line (894.3 nm) and at the telecom O-band (1313.1 nm) with a fidelity of $F = 0.753 \pm 0.021$ is demonstrated and improvements of the setup are discussed

Upscaling Tracer-Aided Ecohydrological Modeling to Larger Catchments : Implications for Process Representation and Heterogeneity in Landscape Organization

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems—MOSES project and the Terrestrial Environmental Observatories—TERENO project. Funding was also received for Doerthe Tetzlaff through the Einstein Research Unit “Climate and Water under Change” from the Einstein Foundation Berlin and Berlin University Alliance. Contributions by Chris Soulsby were supported by the Leverhulme Trust through the ISO‐LAND project (RPG 2018 375). The authors thank Michael Rode and Ralf Merz for permitting the use of the water stable isotope data and for constructive discussions related to the data analysis. The authors would like to thank Marco Maneta and Aaron Smith for their support and discussion on the modeling. The authors thank the Editor Peter Troch, the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The authors also thank the German Weather Service, the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources and the State Agency for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony‐Anhalt for the model setup data. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Publisher Copyright: © 2023. The Authors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Internet Sanctions on Russian Media:Actions and Effects

As a response to the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the European Union (EU), through the notion of ‘digital sovereignty,’ imposed sanctions on organizations and individuals affiliated with the Russian Federation that prohibit broadcasting content, including online distribution. In this paper, we interrogate the implementation of these sanctions and interpret them as a means to translate the union of states’ governmental edicts into effective technical countermeasures. Through longitudinal traffic analysis, we construct an understanding of how ISPs in different EU countries attempted to enforce these sanctions, and compare these implementations to similar measures in other western countries. We find a wide variation of blocking coverage, both internationally and within individual member states. We draw the conclusion that digital sovereignty through sanctions in the EU has a concrete but distinctly limitedimpact on information flows

Concerns About Psychiatric Neurosurgery and How They Can Be Overcome: Recommendations for Responsible Research

Background Psychiatric neurosurgery is experiencing a revival. Beside deep brain stimulation (DBS), several ablative neurosurgical procedures are currently in use. Each approach has a different profile of advantages and disadvantages. However, many psychiatrists, ethicists, and laypeople are sceptical about psychiatric neurosurgery. Methods We identify the main concerns against psychiatric neurosurgery, and discuss the extent to which they are justified and how they might be overcome. We review the evidence for the effectiveness, efficacy and safety of each approach, and discuss how this could be improved. We analyse whether and, if so, how randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can be used in the different approaches, and what alternatives are available if conducting RCTs is impossible for practical or ethical reasons. Specifically, we analyse the problem of failed RCTs after promising open-label studies. Results The main concerns are: (i) reservations based on historical psychosurgery, (ii) concerns about personality changes, (iii) concerns regarding localised interventions, and (iv) scepticism due to the lack of scientific evidence. Given the need for effective therapies for treatment-refractory psychiatric disorders and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of psychiatric neurosurgery, further research is warranted and necessary. Since psychiatric neurosurgery has the potential to modify personality traits, it should be held to the highest ethical and scientific standards. Conclusions Psychiatric neurosurgery procedures with preliminary evidence for efficacy and an acceptable risk–benefit profile include DBS and micro- or radiosurgical anterior capsulotomy for intractable obsessive–compulsive disorder. These methods may be considered for individual treatment attempts, but multi-centre RCTs are necessary to provide reliable evidence

Accurate experimental determination of gallium K- and L3-shell XRF fundamental parameters

The fluorescence yield of the K- and L3-shell of gallium was determined using the radiometrically calibrated (reference-free) X-ray fluorescence instrumentation at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation facility. Simultaneous transmission and fluorescence signals from GaSe foils were obtained, resulting in K- and L3-shell fluorescence yield values consistent with existing database values(omega_Ga_K=0.515 +- 0.019, omega_Ga_L3=0.013 +- 0.001). For the first time, these standard combined uncertainties are obtained from a properly constructed Uncertainty Budget. These K-shell fluorescence yield values support Bambynek's semi-empirical compilation from 1972: these and other measurements yield a combined recommended value of omega_Ga_K=0.514 +- 0.010. Using the measured fluorescence yields together with production yields from reference Ga-implanted samples where the quantity of implanted Ga was determined at 1.3% traceable accuracy by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, the K-shell and L3-subshell photoionization cross sections at selected incident photon energies were also determined and compared critically with the standard databases.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Polyura inopinatus Röber, 1940; a remarkable butterfly mystery resolved

The most distinctive species of Polyura, P. inopinatus, described from a single specimen said to be from North Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been a great mystery since it was first described by Röber, in 1940. The holotype, originally illustrated in monochrome in the journal Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, was lost very soon after it was described, almost certainly destroyed during allied bombing of Dresden in the 1940s. No other specimen was known for almost eight decades. We suggest that the type locality (Sulawesi) is incorrect and that the holotype was more likely to have been collected in the Baining Mountains, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. We report the recent discovery of several male P. inopinatus from West New Britain Province, and describe and illustrate specimens. A neotype is designated

Curating the CIA World Factbook

This paper is based on the paper given by the authors at the 5th International Digital Curation Conference, December 2009; received November 2009, published December 2009.The CIA World Factbook is a prime example of a curated database – a database that is constructed and maintained with a great deal of human effort in collecting, verifying, and annotating data. Preservation of old versions of the Factbook is important for verification of citations; it is also essential for anyone interested in the history of the data such as demographic change. Although the Factbook has been published, both physically and electronically, only for the past 30 years, we appear in danger of losing this history. This paper investigates the issues involved in capturing the history of an evolving database and its application to the CIA World Factbook. In particular it shows that there is substantial added value to be gained by preserving databases in such a way that questions about the change in data, (longitudinal queries) can be readily answered. Within this paper, we describe techniques for recording change in a curated database and we describe novel techniques for querying the change. Using the example of this archived curated database, we discuss the extent to which the accepted practices and terminology of archiving, curation and digital preservation apply to this important class of digital artefacts