Instrumen Labelisasi dan Sertifikasi Halal sebagai Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Konsumen Muslim dalam Wacana hukum Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia

The protection of Muslim consumers against halal products is not just halal labeling contained in the Food Law, but must have integrity of other economic laws, so there is guarantee of the implementation of halal labeling. This is closely related to matters of a business nature, such as trade agreements, distribution, advertising, packaging, negligence and misuse of halal labeling. This paper concludes that first, the position of Muslim consumer protection against halal products in Islamic Economic Law has a great attention. Second, the concept of Muslim consumer protection against halal products in Indonesian Economic Law has a strong juridical foundation, that is stated in the 1945 Constitution Article 29 paragraph (1) and (2), which contains about the freedom to implement religious shari'ah. Third, basically the Indonesian Economic Law contains the protection of Muslim consumers against "labeling and Halal certification "almost entirely contains the halal provisions and patterns of Muslim food in Islamic Law

Development of Fundal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients after Eradication of Esophageal Varices

Background: To analyze the development of fundal varices in cirrhotic patients after eradication of esophageal varicesMethods: In this observational study 150 patients of liver cirrhosis, with the history of upper gastrointestinal tract bleed and esophageal varices of grade F2 and F3 but absence of fundal varices, were included. Patients who had previous history of banding were excluded.Results: Eighty one (54%) patients were male. Mean age of the patients was 49.34±11.45 years. Twenty two (14.66%) developed fundal varices of which 2(1.33%) patients developed fundal varices at 2 months, 8(5.33%) patients developed fundal varices at 4 months following banding, and 12(8%) patients developed fundal varices at 6 months following banding of esophageal varices. Fourteen (63.63%) patients had GOV2 while 8(36.36%) had IGV1. Conclusion: New fundal varices develop with increasing frequency in patients treated with esophageal variceal band ligation, and the incidence has a time-dependent relationship

Normas gerais para publicação em Evidência

Evidência: olhares e pesquisa em saberes educacionais é uma revista científica de responsabilidade do ICSAH - Curso de Pedagogia/UNIARAXÁ - Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Agrárias e Humanas do Centro Universitário do Planalto de Araxá – que que trata de temas teóricos e práticos da educação, escritos por pesquisadores, docentes e discentes de Cursos de Graduação e de Pós-graduação na área da Educação, ou afins, com natureza de artigos de cunho científico, de resenhas de obras na área da Educação, de resumos de dissertações e teses, de entrevistas e de traduções consideradas relevante

Impedance Characteristics of Stimulation Contacts in Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus and Its Relationship to Seizure Outcome in Patients With Refractory Epilepsy

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is an emerging form of adjunctive therapy in focal refractory epilepsy. Unlike conventional DBS targets, the ANT is both encapsulated by white matter layers and located immediately adjacent to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space. Owing to the location of the ANT, implantation has most commonly been performed using a transventricular trajectory. Previous studies suggest different electrical conductivity between gray matter, white matter, and CSF. Objectives: In this study, we asked whether therapeutic impedance values from a fully implanted DBS device could be used to deduce the actual location of the active contact to optimize the stimulation site. Secondly, we tested whether impedance values correlate with patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 patients with ANT-DBS for refractory epilepsy were evaluated in this prospective study. Therapeutic impedance values were recorded on regular outpatient clinic visits. Contact locations were analyzed using delayed contrast-enhanced postoperative computed tomography–3T magnetic resonance imaging short tau inversion recovery fusion images previously shown to demonstrate anatomical details around the ANT. Results: Transventricularly implanted contacts immediately below the CSF surface showed overall lower and slightly decreasing impedances over time compared with higher and more stable impedances in contacts with deeper parenchymal location. Impedance values in transventricularly implanted contacts in the ANT were significantly lower than those in transventricularly implanted contacts outside the ANT or extraventricularly implanted contacts that were typically at the posterior/inferior/lateral border of the ANT. Increasing contact distance from the CSF surface was associated with a linear increase in therapeutic impedance. We also found that therapeutic impedance values were significantly lower in contacts with favorable therapy response than in nonresponding contacts. Finally, we observed a significant correlation between the left- and right-side averaged impedance and the reduction of the total number of seizures. Conclusions: Valuable information can be obtained from the noninvasive measurement of therapeutic impedances. The selection of active contacts to target stimulation to the anterior nucleus may be guided by therapeutic impedance measurements to optimize outcome.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Nivelreuma - Käypä hoito suosituksen tiivistelmä

English summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (updated Current Care guideline) Anti-citrulline antibodies are highly specific to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are thus helpful in differential diagnosis. Early and aggressive disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy is essential for a positive treatment result in cases of RA. Remission during the 1st year of treatment predicts permanent remission, milder joint damage and better functional ability. It is recommended that patients with an unsatisfactory response to DMARDs, including methotrexate and a combination of DMARDs, should be treated primarily with TNF blockers, and non-responders with rituximab or abatacept. RA is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The assessment of cardiovascular risk must not be forgotten in daily practice.

Immediate effects of deep brain stimulation of anterior thalamic nuclei on executive functions and emotion-attention interaction in humans

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) is a novel promising therapeutic method for treating refractory epilepsy. Despite reports of subjective memory impairments and mood disturbances in patients with ANT-DBS, little is known of its effects on cognitive and affective processes. HYPOTHESIS: The anterior thalamus has connections to prefrontal and limbic networks important for cognitive control and emotional reactivity. More specifically, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), linked with ANT, has been assigned roles related to response inhibition and attention allocation to threat. Thus, we hypothesized ANT-DBS to influence executive functions, particularly response inhibition, and modulate emotional reactivity to threat. METHOD: Twelve patients having undergone ANT-DBS for intractable epilepsy participated in the study. Patients performed a computer-based executive reaction time (RT) test—that is, a go/ no-go visual discrimination task with threat-related emotional distractors and rule switching, while the DBS was switched ON (5/5 mA constant current) and OFF every few minutes. RESULTS: ANT-DBS increased the amount of commission errors—that is, errors where subjects failed to withhold from responding. Furthermore, ANT-DBS slowed RTs in context of threat-related distractors. When stimulation was turned off, threat-related distractors had no distinct effect on RTs. CONCLUSION: We found immediate objective effects of ANT-DBS on human cognitive control and emotion-attention interaction. We suggest that ANT-DBS compromised response inhibition and enhanced attention allocation to threat due to altered functioning of neural networks that involve the DBS-target, ANT, and the regions connected to it such as ACC. The results highlight the need to consider affective and cognitive side-effects in addition to the therapeutic effect when adjusting stimulation parameters. Furthermore, this study introduces a novel window into cognitive and affective processes by modulating the associative and limbic networks with direct stimulation of key nodes in the thalamus