Efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine and azelastine nasal sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Levocabastine and azelastine are currently the only antihistamines available as nasal sprays for the topical therapy of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The present study was undertaken to compare the onset of action, efficacy and tolerability of these two agents in a total of 242 patients with this condition. This was an international, multicentre, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial with 123 patients treated with levocabastine (0.5 mg/ml, two puffs per nostril twice daily) and 119 with azelastine (1 mg/ml, one puff per nostril twice daily). Onset of action was comparable for the two drugs with over 50% of patients in each group reporting significant symptomatic relief within 30 min of administration of the first dose of study medication. Therapeutic efficacy was also found to be comparable in the two groups with no statistically significant intergroup differences reported for any of the parameters evaluated, although assessments of global therapeutic efficacy revealed a trend favouring levocabastine. Levocabastine appeared to be better tolerated than azelastine (p = 0.06), with the incidence of the most common adverse experiences, application site reactions and taste disturbances, significantly higher on azelastine than with levocabastine (5% versus 1%; p = 0.05 and 5% versus 0%; p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, levocabastine nasal spray appears to be at least as effective as, but better tolerated than, azelastine nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis

Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution

R Mösges, M Nematian-Samani, A EichelInstitute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, GermanyBackground/objective: An inflammation of the cutis and subcutis of the external auditory canal is a primary symptom in cases of acute otitis externa. It is usually treated locally, since this type of therapy ensures a high concentration of the drug and interacts at the site of inflammation with no systemic effects. This systematic review compares the efficacy of treatment using a ciprofloxacin 0.2% solution with other therapeutic options.Methods: After compiling a catalog of search terms, medical databases were searched systematically for randomized, controlled studies. This search initially yielded a total of 38 studies which were then evaluated by three independent reviewers. The number of studies was subsequently reduced to 14: six studies using a ciprofloxacin 0.2% solution, and eight studies using both 0.2% and 0.3% solutions.Results: The studies included in the review demonstrate the statistical equivalence between the ciprofloxacin solution (0.2%) and the reference products PNH (a combination of polymyxin B, neomycin sulfate and hydrocortisone), auriculum powder, and a ciprofloxacin foam with respect to the cure rate. The research groups consistently observed high in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion: This systematic review confirms the hypothesis of ciprofloxacin's noninferiority in the treatment of otitis externa, in terms of the cure rate and microbiological eradication.Keywords: otitis externa, ciprofloxacin, antibiotic, ear solution, efficac

The role of entrepreneurial structures when determining the average price in the market of innovative medical servic

The article provides a solution to one of the major tasks in economic theory is the definition of average prices on the market innovative medical services in healthcare. The situation, when the market there are several agents - producers, buyers and entrepreneurs

Разработка имитационной модели системы управления горизонтальным сепаратором установки подготовки нефти

Объектом исследования является система управления горизонтальным сепаратором установки подготовки нефти. Цель работы: создание имитационной модели системы управления горизонтальным сепаратором. Данная работа направлена на исследование методов настройки ПИД-регулятора системы управления горизонтальным сепаратором установки нефти. Проведен сравнительный анализ полученных результатов моделирования в ППП Matlab для определения наиболее эффективного метода настройки. Разработана имитационная модель системы в пакете Unisim Design.The object of study is a horizontal separator control system for an oil treatment unit. Purpose of work: creating a simulation model of a horizontal separator control system. This work is aimed at the study of tuning methods for the PID controller of the horizontal separator control system of an oil installation. A comparative analysis of the obtained simulation results in the Matlab software was carried out to determine the most effective tuning method. A simulation model of the system in the Unisim Design package has been developed

Феномен мема в цифровом обществе как предмет осмысления: социально-философский анализ

Глобальная трансформация цифрового общества сопровождается не только проникновением интернет-коммуникации во все сферы жизнедеятельности общества, но и глубоким переосмыслением коммуникативной природы социальной реальности. Коммуникации сегодня - это общий мир значимых объектов и событий, наши чувства и мысли, наши способы выражения этих социально выстраиваемых реальностей формируют коммуникативное пространство.The global transformation of the digital society is accompanied not only by the penetration of Internet communication into all spheres of society, but also by a deep rethinking of the communicative nature of social reality. Communication today is a common world of significant objects and events, our feelings and thoughts, our ways of expressing these socially constructed realities form a communicative space

Relative potency in SPT of solution and tablet SLIT allergen extracts of Timothy grass pollen from 2 European manufacturers compared to a US reference extract

Forma parte de los materiales formativos del servicio LSDS de la UAB (Laboratorio de Simulación de Dinámicas Socio-Históricas)Demostración de la metodología de simulación social. Siguiendo este tutorial paso a paso construirás una pequeña sociedad artificial y le darás "vida" para poder estudiar los mecanismos que generan procesos sociales

Pharmacometric Modeling of the Impact of Azelastine Nasal Spray on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Related Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients

The histamine-1 receptor antagonist azelastine was recently found to impact SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics in a Phase 2 clinical trial (CARVIN). Thus, we investigated the relationship between intranasal azelastine administrations and viral load, as well as symptom severity in COVID-19 patients and analyzed the impact of covariates using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. For this, we developed a pharmacokinetic (PK) model for the oral and intranasal administration of azelastine. A one-compartment model with parallel absorption after intranasal administration described the PK best, covering both the intranasal and the gastro-intestinal absorption pathways. For virus kinetic and symptoms modeling, viral load and symptom records were gathered from the CARVIN study that included data of 82 COVID-19 patients receiving placebo or intranasal azelastine. The effect of azelastine on viral load was described by a dose–effect model targeting the virus elimination rate. An extension of the model revealed a relationship between COVID-19 symptoms severity and the number of infected cells. The analysis revealed that the intranasal administration of azelastine led to a faster decline in viral load and symptoms severity compared to placebo. Moreover, older patients showed a slower decline in viral load compared to younger patients and male patients experienced higher peak viral loads than females

Персональная система управления вниманием в интеллектуальных видах деятельности

В данной работе описывается процесс разработки персональной системы управления вниманием в интеллектуальных видах деятельности. Объектом исследования является концентрация внимания, а также способы её улучшения реализуемые посредством объекта промышленного дизайна.This paper describes the process of developing a personal attention management system in intellectual activities. The object of research is the concentration of attention, as well as ways to improve it, implemented through the object of industrial design