119 research outputs found
Ultrafast element-resolved magneto-optics using a fiber-laser-driven extreme ultraviolet light source
We present a novel setup to measure the transverse magneto-optical Kerr
effect in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range at exceptionally high
repetition rates based on a fiber laser amplifier system. This affords a very
high and stable flux of extreme ultraviolet light, which we use to measure
element-resolved demagnetization dynamics with unprecedented depth of
information. Furthermore, the setup is equipped with a strong electromagnet and
a cryostat, allowing measurements between 10 and 420 K using magnetic fields up
to 0.86 T. The performance of our setup is demonstrated by a set of
temperature- and time-dependent magnetization measurements showing distinct
element-dependent behavior
Clinical utility of a protein-based oncopanel in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer
Bimetallic MOFs (H3O)x[Cu(MF6)(pyrazine)2]·(4 â x)H2O (M = V4+, x = 0; M = Ga3+, x = 1): co-existence of ordered and disordered quantum spins in the V4+ system
The title compounds are bimetallic MOFs containing [Cu(pyz)2]2+ square lattices linked by MF6nâ octahedra. In each, only the Cu2+ spins exhibit long-range magnetic order below 3.5 K (M = V4+) and 2.6 K (M = Ga3+). The V4+ spins remain disordered down to 0.5 K
Baseline observations from the POSSIBLE EUÂź study: characteristics of postmenopausal women receiving bone loss medications
Summary: Prospective Observational Scientific Study Investigating Bone Loss Experience in Europe (POSSIBLE
EUÂź) is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study that utilises
physician- and patient-reported measures to describe the
characteristics and management of postmenopausal women
on bone loss therapies. We report the study design and
baseline characteristics of 3,402 women recruited from
general practice across five European countries.
Purpose The POSSIBLE EUÂź is a study describing the
characteristics and management of postmenopausal women
receiving bone loss medications.
Methods: Between 2005 and 2008, general practitioners
enrolled postmenopausal women initiating, switching or
continuing treatment with bone loss treatment in France,
Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. Patients and physicians
completed questionnaires at study entry and at 3-month
intervals, for 1 year.
Results: Of 3,402 women enrolled (mean age 68.2 years
[SD] 9.83), 96% were diagnosed with low bone mass; 55%
of these using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Most
women (92%) had comorbidities. Mean minimum T score
(hip or spine) at diagnosis was â2.7 (SD 0.89; median â2.7
[interquartile range, â3.2, â2.2]) indicating low bone
mineral density. Almost 40% of the women had prior
fractures in adulthood, mostly non-vertebral, non-hip in
nature, 30% of whom had at least two fractures and more
than half experienced moderate/severe pain or fatigue.
Bisphosphonates were the most common type of bone loss
treatment prescribed in the 12 months preceding the study.
Conclusions POSSIBLE EUÂź characterises postmenopausal
women with low bone mass, exhibiting a high rate of
prevalent fracture, substantial bone fragility and overall
comorbidity burden. Clinical strategies for managing
osteoporosis in this population varied across the five
participating European countries, reflecting their different
guidelines, regulations and standards of care
Antiferromagnetism in a family of S=1 square lattice coordination polymers NiX2(pyz)2 (X=Cl, Br, I, NCS; pyz=Pyrazine)
The crystal structures of NiX2(pyz)2 (X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), and NCS (4)) were determined by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. All four compounds consist of two-dimensional (2D) square arrays self-assembled from octahedral NiN4X2 units that are bridged by pyz ligands. The 2D layered motifs displayed by 1â4 are relevant to bifluoride-bridged [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]EF6 (E = P, Sb), which also possess the same 2D layers. In contrast, terminal X ligands occupy axial positions in 1â4 and cause a staggered packing of adjacent layers. Long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order occurs below 1.5 (Cl), 1.9 (Br and NCS), and 2.5 K (I) as determined by heat capacity and muon-spin relaxation. The single-ion anisotropy and g factor of 2, 3, and 4 were measured by electron-spin resonance with no evidence for zeroâfield splitting (ZFS) being observed. The magnetism of 1â4 spans the spectrum from quasi-two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnetism. Nearly identical results and thermodynamic features were obtained for 2 and 4 as shown by pulsed-field magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, as well as their NĂ©el temperatures. Magnetization curves for 2 and 4 calculated by quantum Monte Carlo simulation also show excellent agreement with the pulsed-field data. Compound 3 is characterized as a 3D AFM with the interlayer interaction (Jâ„) being slightly stronger than the intralayer interaction along NiâpyzâNi segments (Jpyz) within the two-dimensional [Ni(pyz)2]2+ square planes. Regardless of X, Jpyz is similar for the four compounds and is roughly 1 K
Patterns of antibody responses to nonviral cancer antigens in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients differ by human papillomavirus status
There have been hints that nonviral cancer antigens are differentially expressed in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Antibody responses (AR) to cancer antigens may be used to indirectly determine cancer antigen expression in the tumor using a noninvasive and tissue-saving liquid biopsy. Here, we set out to characterize AR to a panel of nonviral cancer antigens in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC patients. A fluorescent microbead multiplex serology to 29 cancer antigens (16 cancer-testis antigens, 5 cancer-retina antigens and 8 oncogenes) and 29 HPV-antigens was performed in 382 HNSCC patients from five independent cohorts (153 HPV-positive and 209 HPV-negative). AR to any of the cancer antigens were found in 272/382 patients (72%). The ten most frequent AR were CT47, cTAGE5a, c-myc, LAGE-1, MAGE-A1, -A3, -A4, NY-ESO-1, SpanX-a1 and p53. AR to MAGE-A3, MAGE-A9 and p53 were found at significantly different prevalences by HPV status. An analysis of AR mean fluorescent intensity values uncovered remarkably different AR clusters by HPV status. To identify optimal antigen selections covering a maximum of patients with â€10 AR, multiobjective optimization revealed distinct antigen selections by HPV status. We identified that AR to nonviral antigens differ by HPV status indicating differential antigen expression. Multiplex serology may be used to characterize antigen expression using serum or plasma as a tissue-sparing liquid biopsy. Cancer antigen panels should address the distinct antigen repertoire of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC
The new political economy of higher education: between distributional conflicts and discursive stratification
The higher education sector has been undergoing a far-reaching institutional re-orientation during the past two decades. Many adjustments appear to have strengthened the role of competition in the governance of higher education, but the character of the sector?s emerging new political economy has frequently remained unclear. Serving as the introduction for the special issue, this article makes the case for a multidimensional strategy to probe higher education?s competitive transformation. In terms of conceptualizing the major empirical shifts, we argue for analyzing three core phenomena: varieties of academic capitalism, the discursive construction of inequality, and the transformation of hierarchies in competitive settings. With respect to theoretical tools, we emphasize the complementary contributions of institutional, class-oriented, and discourse analytical approaches. As this introduction elaborates and the contributions to the special issue demonstrate, critical dialog among different analytical traditions over the interpretation of change is crucial for improving established understandings. Arguably, it is essential for clarifying the respective roles of capitalist power and hierarchical rule in the construction of the sector?s new order
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