Volatile compounds captured through purge and trap technique in cajaumbu (Spondias sp.) fruits duringmaturation

Abstract This work identifies the volatile compounds present in the pulp of caja-umbu (Spondias sp.) fruits harvested at two different stages (half-ripe and ripe) of maturation. The volatiles were captured through purge and trap technique. The half-ripe caja-umbu fruit pulp contained 67 components among which the principal compounds, representing an area of 71.7% of chromatogram, were identified as b-caryophyllene (22.2%), 2-methyl butanal (19.3%), 2-hexanol (18.6%), ethyl butyrate (7.6%) and a-caryophyllene (3.9%). However, in the ripe caja-umbu fruit pulp, 70 compounds were detected among which 2-methyl butanal (28.4%), 2-hexanol (15.0%), b-caryophyllene (14.1%), ethyl butyrate (6.1%) and a-caryophyllene (2.4%) were prominent compounds. There were notable quantitative differences in prominent compounds such as b-caryophyllene and 2-hexanol which were quantitatively higher in half-ripe fruits while 2-methyl butanal known to possess characteristic pungent fresh fruit aroma increased with maturation, being relatively higher in its content in ripe fruits

Características químicas e sensoriais de cortes comerciais de caprinos SRD e mestiços de Bôer Chemical and sensorial characteristics of commercial meat cuts of "mesticos" and Boer goats

Foram estudados o efeito dos fatores genótipos (F1 SRD x Bôer e SRD) e cortes comerciais (paleta, perna, lombo, costela e pescoço) na qualidade físico-química (pH, atividade de água), qualidade química (composição centesimal, colesterol, cálcio, fósforo e ferro) e qualidade sensorial (aparência, aroma caprino, aroma de carne assada, textura, maciez, sabor, suculência e qualidade total) da carne caprina. Os fatores genótipos e cortes comerciais influenciaram de forma significativa a composição química da carne caprina. A perna foi o corte que apresentou o maior valor nutricional, com alto teor de proteína e a baixa concentração de lipídeos. No entanto, os atributos sensoriais sofreram pouca influência destes fatores, observando-se uma tendência pela preferência, por parte dos provadores, pela carne dos caprinos da raça F1 - SRD x Bôer. A carne caprina, seja de animais mestiços de Bôer ou de animais SRD, apresentou-se como alimento de excelente valor nutricional, com baixos teores de gordura e elevados percentuais protéicos, associados às excelentes características sensoriais.<br>The effect of the factor genotypes (F1 - SRD x Bôer and SRD) and type of cuts (pallet, leg, loin, rib and neck) were studied on the physic-chemical (pH, water activity), chemical (proximate composition, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus and iron contents) and sensory quality (appearance, goaty aroma, roasted meat aroma, texture, tenderness, flavour, juiciness, overall palatability) of goat meat. Both genotype and commercial cuts had significant influence (p<0,05) on the chemical composition of the goat meat. The leg portion had the best nutritional value, presenting high protein and low lipid contents. However, the sensory parameter had low influence of them, the panel members had a preference for goat meat from F1 - SRD x Bôer animals. The goat meat either of F1 - SRD x Bôer or of SRD breeds was considered as a food of excellent nutritional quality, having low fat and high protein contents, along with excellent sensorial characteristics

Oxidative stability of white striping chicken breasts: effect of cold storage and heat treatments

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the level of lipid and protein oxidation in poultry breasts with severe white striping (WS; striation thickness > 1 mm) and nonaffected meats (N; normal breast) during storage under refrigeration (1°C for 14 d) and freezing (–18°C for 90 d). WS presented higher lipid content, although no difference in protein content was detected, compared to normal broiler breast (N). Regarding oxidative damages, a reduction in malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein, hexanal, octanal and nonanal levels, alongside the interaction of these compounds with other compounds in raw, roasted, and reheated breasts was observed under refrigerated storage (14 d). Freezing storage promotes an increase in carbonyls proteins, hexanal, octanal and nonanal levels at 45 d of storage in poultry meats and subsequent decrease, indicating the evolution of oxidative reactions. Regardless of the type of storage, in general, breasts with WS myopathy have higher levels of lipid and protein oxidation

Efeito do genótipo e do sexo sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros Effect of genotype and sex on chemical composition and fatty acid profile of sheep meat

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do sexo e do genótipo sobre a composição centesimal e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo Semimembranosus (SM) de ovinos submetidos às mesmas condições de confinamento. Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros, quatro machos inteiros e quatro fêmeas da raça Santa Inês (SI) e quatro machos inteiros mestiços ½ Santa Inês x ½ Dorper (SI-D). A raça e o sexo não influenciaram a composição centesimal da carne dos cordeiros. No entanto, as concentrações de fósforo e cálcio diferiram significativamente quando considerados estes dois fatores. Os ácidos graxos encontrados em maior quantidade na fração lipídica da carne dos animais foram o oléico, o palmítico e o esteárico. Houve efeito do sexo sobre o perfil dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados na carne dos animais Santa Inês. O perfil de ácidos graxos de mestiços machos SI-D comprovou melhor valor nutricional da carne, pelo maior percentual de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, pela maior relação AGPI/AGS e pela menor relação w6:w3.<br>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and genotype (breed) on the composition and fatty acid profile of the semimembranosus (SM) muscle of feedlot sheep. Four Santa Inês (SI) males, four SI females, and four ½ Santa Inês x ½ Dorper (SI-D) males were used in this trial. Neither breed nor sex significantly affected the chemical composition of meat. However, the meat contents of phosphorus and calcium were both significantly changed by breed and sex. Oleic, palmitc, and stearic were the fatty acids found in larger amounts in the intramuscular fat of lamb meat in this study. There was a significant effect of sex on the profile of unsaturated fatty acids within the SI breed. The fatty acid profile of meat from SI-D sheep showed greater nutritional value because of the highest content of PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio and the lowest w6:w3 ratio